The social demand is strong, the service supply is sufficient, and the logistics operation is constantly consolidated.
Mobile China releases more vitality.

Logistics is connected with production at one end and consumption at the other, which is an important link to smooth the national economic cycle.

In the first four months, the total social logistics in China was 107.6 trillion yuan, up 4.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.5 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter. In May, the prosperity index of China’s logistics industry was 51.5% … Since this year, China’s logistics operation has generally recovered. The demand for social logistics has recovered, the supply of logistics services is relatively sufficient, the industry is operating in a boom zone, and the main operating indicators have maintained growth.

With the continuous recovery of the national economy, the confidence of logistics enterprises has been boosted, the endogenous motivation has been continuously enhanced, and the logistics operation has been continuously consolidated, which has provided strong support for stabilizing the economy, expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption.

The logistics operation has accelerated and resumed growth, and the supply scale has steadily increased.

Smart TV is sent to high-altitude villages. At 8 o’clock on the evening of May 31st, not long after the "618" promotion was fully launched, Private Deduoji in Tuiwa Village, Dalong Town, Langkazi County, Shannan City, Tibet received an intelligent LCD TV distributed by Jingdong Logistics. This year, Jingdong Logistics will pre-sell goods to more than 300 cities and thousands of sites. After consumers pay, they can receive goods in minutes at the earliest.

Logistics customs clearance is getting smoother and smoother. At Qianwan Port in Qingdao, Shandong Province, 17 tons of polyester dyed knitted fabric imported by Yantai Enyi Clothing Co., Ltd. was unloaded from the ship and immediately sent to the factory for production. According to the relevant person in charge of a logistics company in Qingdao, Qingdao Customs introduced a new supervision mode of "pre-machine inspection+ship-side direct lifting", which reduced two container hoisting and moving processes, saved customs clearance time and reduced logistics costs.

The daily average business volume of express delivery continues to climb, and shipping freighters shuttle back and forth … Since this year, the transportation and logistics operation has accelerated to resume growth, and the mobile China has released more vitality and vitality.

The data shows that as of May 31st, China’s express delivery business volume reached 50 billion pieces this year, 27 days earlier than last year. In the first four months, China’s commercial freight volume was 16.53 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 7.5%; The cargo throughput of ports nationwide was 5.28 billion tons, up 7.6% year-on-year.

With the further market vitality in generate, logistics tends to be active, the total revenue of logistics industry accelerates to recover, and the scale of logistics supply increases steadily. China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing announced that in the first four months, the total revenue of the logistics industry increased by 7.5%, and the growth rate was 0.8 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter. Among them, transportation and warehousing services and express delivery have made significant contributions, driving the total revenue of the logistics industry to increase by more than 5 percentage points.

The business income growth of logistics enterprises has accelerated. In the first four months, the business income of key logistics enterprises increased by nearly 20% year-on-year, the growth rate was 5 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter, and the growth rate increased for two consecutive months. The income growth of postal express delivery, warehousing and logistics enterprises is good, while the growth of railway and road transport enterprises is stable.

The logistics demand of industrial products has been restored to a solid foundation. In the first four months, the total logistics volume of industrial products increased by 3.6% over the previous year and 0.6 percentage points over the first quarter. Among them, it increased by 5.6% in April, and the growth rate was 1.7 percentage points faster than that in March. In April, equipment manufacturing accelerated the growth rate of total industrial logistics by 1.3 percentage points. Among them, the total logistics volume of automobile manufacturing and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing increased by 44.6% and 17.3% respectively.

The total logistics volume of units and residents has recovered. In the first four months, the total logistics volume of units and residents’ goods increased by 9.0% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3.1 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter. Among them, the online retail sales of physical goods and the retail sales of physical stores increased by more than 10% year-on-year, and the growth rate was faster than that in the first quarter. New scenes and modes such as real-time logistics have become highlights.

"The policy of expanding domestic demand has come into effect one after another, and the consumption scene has been integrated online and offline. Real-time logistics has connected surrounding restaurants, community supermarkets, flower shops, pharmacies, etc., which has led to further vigorous community consumption." Zhou Zhicheng, director of the research office of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing and deputy secretary general of China Logistics Society, said.

Promote digital transformation and expand the commercial application scenarios of smart logistics.

Jingxiong Expressway (Beijing Section) covers the whole line of mobile 5G private network, and Guangzhou Nansha Port Area Phase IV fully-automatic terminal project has been accelerated … Since this year, China has continued to strengthen the construction of a strong transportation country, obviously accelerated the innovation of transportation science and technology, and further promoted the green and low-carbon transformation. In particular, the postal express delivery industry has made great efforts in digitalization and greening to improve operational efficiency.

Science and technology is a powerful driving force to promote the high-quality development of logistics industry. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transport said that it will further strengthen the construction of transportation strategic scientific and technological strength and basic scientific and technological capabilities, accelerate the construction of smart transportation, and constantly shape new kinetic energy and new advantages in transportation development.

Entering the Pacific Wharf in Tianjin Dongjiang Port Area, cargo ships are loading and unloading operations. In Tianjin Dongjiang Customs Monitoring and Command Center, customs officers conduct real-time supervision on berthing, loading and unloading operations, yard stacking and other scenes through the port intelligent control system.

"With the intelligent management and control system, the domestic and foreign trade transportation business on the same ship is becoming more and more convenient. Not only has the utilization efficiency of the shipping space of the internal branch line been improved, but more than 10 domestic trade routes have been added to our terminal, and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade in the port is more dynamic." Yan Sun, deputy manager of the operation department of Tianjin Pacific International Container Terminal, said.

The "14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Logistics Development" issued last year requires that the digital transformation of logistics should be accelerated. Use modern information technology to promote online dataization of logistics elements, develop diversified application scenarios, and realize online and offline linkage of logistics resources.

Tianjin Customs and Tianjin Port Group have established a "smart management and control" system at the port, injecting scientific and technological strength into promoting the integrated development of foreign trade in the port area. At present, there are 17 domestic and foreign trade container routes in Dongjiang Port Area, with a cumulative operation of more than 1,200 domestic trade vessels and a container capacity of more than 1.6 million TEUs.

According to the data of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, in the first four months, the total import logistics increased by 11.3% year-on-year, and increased by 9.4% in April.

"With the wide application of new technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing and Internet of Things in the field of logistics, new formats and new models have provided strong support for the steady recovery of logistics operations." Zhou Zhicheng said that it is necessary to accelerate the digital transformation of logistics, encourage platform enterprises to develop and open cloud platforms and cloud services for small and medium-sized micro-logistics enterprises, innovate the logistics industry ecology, and further expand the commercialization application scenarios of smart logistics.

Improve the business environment, accelerate scientific and technological innovation, and ensure the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain.

One by one "Haitao" package enters the intelligent equipment of CT machine through the sorting line, and completes the customs clearance operation quickly and orderly; Express transport vehicles loaded with goods are ready to go, and they go to various places non-stop … Shenzhen International Express Operation Center is a busy scene.

"Express parcels have high requirements on timeliness. It is the competitiveness of enterprises to speed up circulation and reduce logistics costs. Thanks to the continuous innovation of relevant departments, in the first quarter of this year, the import and export volume of SF cross-border e-commerce increased by nearly 50% year-on-year. " The relevant person in charge of the international e-commerce express business department of SF Express Group said.

With the continuous strengthening of policy support and guidance, the logistics development support system has been continuously improved and the institutional environment has been further improved, which has played an important role in deepening the supply-side structural reform and enhancing the competitiveness and security of the industrial chain supply chain.

Experts said that at present, logistics enterprises are expected to be optimistic and the logistics operation is recovering. It is necessary to further improve the business environment, accelerate scientific and technological innovation, promote the continuous and stable operation of logistics, and ensure the safety and stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain.

It is necessary to deepen reform and opening up and accelerate the development of cross-border direct transportation and door-to-door logistics. Focusing on the practical needs of cross-border e-commerce and integration of domestic and foreign trade, we will improve the international logistics service network and improve operational efficiency.

Cloth inspection, proofing, cutting and sewing … In Beijing Disante Co., Ltd., swimsuits and ski suits were successfully rolled off the assembly line and packaged for export. Beijing Customs adopts intelligent audit and other service measures to make the import and export business more convenient.

Practice the internal strength of enterprises, deepen "improving quality, increasing efficiency and reducing costs", and promote the transformation of development mode of logistics enterprises. Through the common growth with customers and deep integration with the industry, the logistics cost of the whole society will be reduced in a deeper and wider field.

Promote integrated development, and guide enterprises to increase investment in industries with long industrial chains and many supporting links such as automobiles, home appliances, electronics, medicine and clothing, improve the application level of modern information technologies such as the Internet and big data, and ensure the smooth circulation of the industrial chain supply chain.

Convenient and smooth transportation and logistics conditions can effectively reduce transportation costs, promote the flow and aggregation of various production factors such as talents, capital and technology, stimulate market vitality, and provide strong support for economic and social development. Seize the opportunity and forge ahead, logistics operation will continue to maintain steady progress, improve quality and efficiency, and make greater contributions to smooth the national economic cycle and promote high-quality development. (Reporter Du Haitao Han Xin Zibo)

Starting a new week today, we have also ushered in the "small fullness" in the 24 solar terms. In the small full season, the rain gradually increases. Sure enough, Yu Yujun, who has rested for many days, is going online! Cherish the fine weather today, followed by a series of rains …

Today is May 20th.

A day full of love

It is also the Xiaoman solar term in the twenty-four solar terms.

Xiaoman meets 520

Small enough, love comes at the right time.

Photography /A_L_I

In the small full season, the rain gradually increases.

Everything grows vigorously, and the grass is green and blue.

The water is green and the birds are pleasant.

It’s a good time for early summer.

Riverside Times Elevated-The Wizard of Oz under Zhongxing Overpass

The weather is about to turn around.

Rain should brush the sense of existence

For the weather in Hangzhou, Xiaoman is also the best moment before midsummer. At this time, the rain-saving belt is still located in South China and has not been carried to the south of the Yangtze River. Although the temperature is rising day by day, it has not yet entered the hot summer. Opening the window in the morning and evening is still cool and comfortable with a small wind.

Photography/Lille

However, the weather has quietly changed, and the pattern of sunny weather this week will be broken. It is expected that except for today and the 23rd, it will be mainly cloudy, and the rest of the time will be affected by the low-level easterly airflow, with multiple scattered showers. The rainfall range is not large, and the overall rain is not large. Remember to bring your umbrella when you go out.

Photography/Wang Mindong

On the other hand, the easterly wind, combined with the warm and humid airflow, will obviously increase the amount of clouds over Hangzhou, and the sunshine will start to be shy, and the temperature will be relatively stable as a whole. It is estimated that the highest temperature will be 25 ~ 28℃ on the 21st-22nd, and 29 ~ 33℃ in the rest time. The lowest temperature is 18 ~ 22℃.

Weather trend forecast

21st (Tuesday): cloudy to cloudy, with some short-term showers, 21 ~ 28℃, easterly winds of 3 ~ 4 and gusts of 5;

22nd (Wednesday): cloudy to cloudy, with some short-term showers, 21 ~ 26℃, easterly winds of 3 ~ 4 and gusts of 5;

23 rd (Thursday): cloudy to cloudy, 19 ~ 30 C, easterly wind level 3;

24 th (Friday): cloudy to cloudy with showers, 21 ~ 30 C, easterly wind level 3;

25th (Saturday): cloudy to cloudy, with light showers, 21 ~ 29℃, easterly wind level 3;

26th (Sunday): cloudy to cloudy with light showers, 21 ~ 32℃, southerly wind level 3.

(Hangzhou Meteorological Observatory issued at 11: 00 on May 20)

Information/Issued by Municipal Meteorological Bureau and Binjiang

Cover Photography/Jiang Zhiqing

Original title: "Just confirmed: the weather is about to reverse! It will rain for 5 days this week! 》

Read the original text

Topic: Global Blocking of Influenza A (H1N1)

Infectious disease expert Zhang Yanping

　　　 CCTV News: Zhang Yanping, an expert in infectious disease prevention and control in China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, had an online exchange with CCTV netizens on the prevention and control of new influenza A (H1N1). Zhang Yanping answered the question that netizens are concerned about whether H1N1 is a common disease or a difficult disease. He thinks that H1N1 is an infectious disease of respiratory tract, not a difficult disease, and it can be completely prevented and controlled according to the epidemic characteristics of influenza.

Video playback > > >　　 　Live pictures > > >　　　 　Interview record > > >　　　 Special topics on prevention of influenza A (H1N1) > > >

◆ Don’t worry about catching influenza A (H1N1) except in special circumstances (Figure) Details > > >

◆ Influenza A (H1N1) is not a difficult disease (Figure) Details > > >

◆ Infectious disease expert: The mortality rate of the new H1N1 influenza is relatively low (Figure) Details > > >

◆ There is no scientific basis for the statement that "young people are susceptible to viruses" (Figure) Details > > >

◆ Timely medical treatment is the key to prevent influenza A (H1N1) Details > > >

◆ At present, you don’t need to buy a mask disinfectant, you should strengthen your exercise. Details > > >

　　　 Zhang Yanping said that influenza A (H1N1) is a new infectious disease, which has just appeared, and we lack a basic understanding of its epidemic law and characteristics. It has not been found in the mainland, so the information we get is the basic information obtained through the exchange between the World Health Organization or some other institutions, not to say that it is a difficult disease, because it is an infectious disease of respiratory tract, and we have a basic understanding of common influenza and seasonal influenza, which we can completely prevent and control according to the epidemic characteristics of this disease.

　　　 Zhang Yanping said that the emerging disease can be called a new type of influenza A (H1N1), and the common influenza prevalent in China can be called seasonal influenza. First of all, the two diseases have different meanings and different genotypes. In addition, infectious diseases are the same, consistent, all patients and normal people mentioned just now, and the transmission route is the same, except that the virus of influenza A (H1N1) is reported to be mainly young and middle-aged. In addition, the epidemic performance is similar. Another important feature is that our seasonal flu has a corresponding vaccine, but this new type of flu has no vaccine at present.

　　　 Zhang Yanping told netizens that the Institute of Virus Prevention of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, where he works, is an institution engaged in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, mainly focusing on the basic structure of these viruses and the whole development. For this time, our main task is to research and develop diagnostic reagents for influenza A (H1N1), which have been developed in this respect and may be diagnosed within 12 hours if necessary.

Editor: Liu Yuan

Grand Opening of the First Chinese Billiards China Open Finals! Chinese and foreign experts gather in Dongdaihe to compete for millions of prizes.

2024-01-16 13:20:52.0 Source: Northland. com

On January 14th, 2024, the opening ceremony of China Huludao Dongdaihe 2023CBSA "Jaguar Jingdian Cup" was held in Platinum Stadium of Dongdaihe, Huludao City, Liaoning Province.

Present at the opening ceremony were Wang Tao, director of the Handmusic Baseball Center of the State Sports General Administration and chairman of the China Billiards Association; Zhang Yuehong, deputy director of the Liaoning Provincial Sports Bureau; Liu Zhanyuan, member of the Standing Committee of Huludao Municipal Committee, secretary-general and minister of propaganda department; Fan Bingji, deputy mayor of Huludao Municipal People’s Government; Wang Jiong, executive deputy secretary-general of the China Billiards Association; Wang Ruisheng, secretary-general of the Liaoning Provincial Sports Federation; Yao Yue, director of the Huludao Municipal Bureau of Culture, Tourism, Radio and Television; and Liu Xiaojun, secretary of Suizhong County Committee. Cai Bo, chairman of Suizhong CPPCC, Zhao Rui, deputy director of Huludao Cultural Tourism and Radio and Television Bureau, Ma Guangjun, deputy director of Huludao Cultural Tourism and Radio and Television Bureau, Zhang Xu, deputy director of Suizhong People’s Congress Standing Committee, Wang Yuejuan, deputy head of Suizhong People’s Government, Chai Xiaozhuo, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Dongdaihe New District, Li Jun, deputy director of Dongdaihe New District Management Committee, Liu Bo, deputy director of Dongdaihe New District Management Committee, Wang Jian, general manager of Jingdian Group, and Bu Yongsheng, sales consultant of Jaguar Asia. As a special guest, Xiao-Ting Pan, the world champion of billiards, was also present with 128 contestants, domestic first-line referees, and dozens of mainstream media representatives and anchors.

Chinese billiards is a sport with China characteristics. The three northeastern provinces are one of the important birthplaces of Chinese billiards, which have made important contributions to the popularization and development of Chinese billiards. Many famous billiards players and coaches are from the Northeast. In Huludao City, Chinese billiards also has a profound historical background and a broad mass base, and many citizens have a strong interest in this sport.

With the support of China Billiards Association, Liaoning Provincial Sports Bureau, Huludao City, Suizhong County, Dongdaihe New District and other governments, the first finals of Chinese Billiards China Open hosted by Jidian Group settled in Dongdaihe, Huludao. The first prize of this competition is 1 million yuan, and the total prize is 3.06 million yuan, which attracts nearly 300 players from China, Russian, Mongolian, Malaysian, Thailand, Iranian, Indian, Japanese and other countries and regions to participate in the competition. It is the Chinese billiards competition with the highest competition specifications and first prize in the three northeastern provinces so far, which undoubtedly creates a stronger national fitness atmosphere for the Chinese billiards China Open and gives Chinese billiards a brand-new vitality in the land of Northeast China.

The competition will be divided into two stages: the qualifying tournament from January 9 to January 13, the drawing ceremony and opening ceremony of the competition on January 14, and the competition from January 15 to January 21. The competition will be composed of 112 male players and 16 female players. During the competition, six national players, including Fu Xiaofang, Liu Shasha, Han Yu and Jinhu Dang, as well as Chinese and foreign experts from all walks of life, will appear in Dongdaihe, Huludao, and strive to win the championship in the finals of the first Chinese billiards China Open!

The venue of the competition is Platinum Stadium in Dongdaihe, Huludao City, Liaoning Province. A total of 17 sets of Jingdian S65 gold leg tables with first-class fighting sense are equipped to escort the competition. Jingdian S65 Golden Leg Table represents the highest level of Chinese billiards table in Jingdian. It has witnessed the birth of national champions such as Chu Bingjie, Liu Haitao, Li Bo and Lei Yiwei. This time, it will continue to usher in the coronation moment of the new king of the first Chinese billiards China Open with its first-class sense of playing!

At the opening ceremony, Wang Jian, the general manager of Jidian Group, as the title party and organizer of this competition, said: "Jidian Group has built a billiards industrial park in Dongdaihe, focusing on lean production, focusing on research and development, promoting sales, holding events, etc., and has created a whole industrial chain system serving the billiards industry. Jingdian Group will make every effort to build the Chinese Billiards China Open, making this event not only a billiards competition, but also a platform for world cultural exchanges and integration. Jingdian hopes to work with more China billiards people to promote the popularity of Chinese billiards all over the world!

Chinese billiards China Open has grown from scratch, and Liaoning Province and Huludao City have made great contributions. Fan Bingji, deputy mayor of Huludao Municipal People’s Government, said: "In recent years, the Huludao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have continuously increased investment in sports infrastructure construction, continuously strengthened publicity and promotion, organized various special sports events, and made every effort to promote the construction of a healthy China. The timely holding of the finals of the Chinese Billiards China Open, which set off the new trend of billiards, is bound to bring the national fitness cause of our city to a new climax, effectively helping Huludao to make new breakthroughs in all-round revitalization and all-round revitalization.

Speaking at the opening ceremony, Zhang Yuehong, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of Liaoning Provincial Sports Bureau, said that this competition is a bold attempt for Huludao City to host high-level sports events, which adds infinite color and vitality to the city and is a vivid practice of "building a high-quality demonstration site for the integration and development of cultural, sports and tourism". The first Chinese Billiards China Open Finals was grandly opened in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, which is the support and trust of China Billiards Association for Liaoning sports work!

At the opening ceremony, there was also a wonderful cultural performance. The enthusiastic Huludao and the enthusiastic Northeast allowed everyone to gather in Dongdaihe, Huludao, Liaoning Province, and felt the fiery heat from the Northeast this winter on the stage of Chinese billiards leading to the world!

Finally, Wang Tao, director of the National Sports General Administration’s Handmusic Baseball Center and chairman of China Billiards Association, announced the opening of the competition, and together with Zhang Yuehong, deputy director of Liaoning Provincial Sports Bureau, Liu Zhanyuan, member of the Standing Committee of Huludao Municipal Committee, secretary-general and minister of propaganda department, Wang Jian, general manager of Jingdian Group, and Xiao-Ting Pan, world champion, came to the table of Jingdian Billiards to participate in the launching ceremony of the competition.

From January 15th to January 21st, China Huludao Dongdaihe 2023CBSA "Jaguar Jingdian Cup" won the first Chinese Billiards China Open Finals, and won a million champion prizes to witness the coronation of the new king! Chinese billiards China Open is willing to work with China billiards people to promote the popularity of Chinese billiards all over the world!

1905 movie network news　On the tenth day of its release, the box office exceeded 4 billion, setting a new record in China’s film history. On the evening of February 22nd, the film held a "chat session" in Beijing. The director and the leading actor attended the event, responding to a series of concerns and questions since the release of "Tang Exploration 3", and also sharing the creative experience of this work and the following "Tang Exploration of the Universe".

　

Response to the first bullet: The murderer of "Tang Detective 3" is too easy to guess? Will become a sequel villain

　

Following the detective chinatown series through three works, many fans who are keen on reasoning say that the case in Tang Detective 3 is a little simple, and even you can guess who the murderer is at the beginning. In this regard, Chen Sicheng said that he did not focus on the case itself in this work, but expanded his vision to the anti-war theme behind it: "The first one pays more attention to the trajectory of the case, so there will be unexpected things in the process of solving the case, but this style has been continued, and the audience may not be satisfied."

　

Chen Sicheng revealed that the theme of war orphans involved in Tang Tan 3 was inspired by his first love. This girl is a mixed-race Chinese and Japanese, and she has experienced a very difficult life after returning to Japan. From this, she understands the living status of this group. She hopes that the film can express a higher theme and convey the hard-won concept of peace to everyone, which is why the film chose MJ’s song "Heal the World".

　

As for Q, which was finally announced, although everyone had different opinions on this organization, Andy Lau’s joining gave us enough surprises. Wang Baoqiang revealed that Andy Lau plays the boss of "Q". When designing this new character, Chen Sicheng hopes to have a sense of surprise of "Wow, it’s him" at the moment of seeing it, so Andy Lau has become the only choice. After the communication, Andy Lau told Chen Sicheng that he was looking forward to playing a similar villain, so in the next "Tang Detective 4", the director also designed an "interesting" villain for him.

　

In response to the second bomb: "Tang Detective 4" plans to go to London online drama to continue to expand the detective universe.

　

When it comes to Tang Detective 4, we have to talk about the foreshadowing of this film. Many viewers have noticed the Thames and Big Ben in the eggs, which also implies that the next story will take place in London, England. Chen Sicheng confirmed this statement, but he also bluntly said that based on the current situation, "you can’t shoot anywhere you want".

　

Detective League is in its infancy, and Chen Sicheng, who is keen on the concept of "Marvel Universe", is sure that he will continue to build his own Tang Tanyu Zhou through different forms. At the end of 2019, the online drama of the first season of detective chinatown has been launched, and the characters and other detectives in the future Q organization may appear one after another in the future.

　

Chen Sicheng admits that the series of "Tang Detective" is "more and more difficult to shoot", and the audience’s expectations for the series of films are gradually increasing, and they will also struggle whether the films are more genre-oriented or commercial. At present, he is also considering making some more genre films, but the investment will be correspondingly less than the more mature detective chinatown series.

　

Responding to the third bomb: accepting criticism and controversy and calling for protecting China films from trampling on each other.

　

After the release of Detective Chinatown 3, the box office went up all the way, but it also received many questions, including the design of Tang Ren, some comedy problems in the film and so on. Chen Sicheng said that he accepts criticism and will learn and improve with an open mind, hoping that his future works will get better and better.

　

At the end of the talk, Chen Sicheng also voiced his appeal to the audience to give more tolerance and praise to all China films. Although the box office of Chinese movies has reached more than 60 billion in 2019, this industry is not as profitable as the outside world imagined. "Now it is not that our film industry is too strong, on the contrary, it is still very weak. I sincerely hope that the audience will give more praise and help to China movies, instead of some people trampling on each other in this (small industry). If so, China movies will become more and more difficult. "

　

Chen Sicheng hopes that China films can truly rival Hollywood and become the pillar of economy and the carrier of culture. "We have been thinking about how to help China films become bigger and stronger. No matter what we are doing now, our wish is good. I hope that the audience can help and encourage China movies because it is too weak. "

　　When Huang Renxun, the founder of NVIDIA, shouted "The tipping point of generative AI is coming" in May this year, a competition around the global computing industry chain was also going on.

　　"China’s computing industry has begun to take shape, and the output of computing products such as servers, computers and smart phones ranks first in the world. Judging from the total scale of computing power, it ranks second in the world. " On August 19th, Jin Zhuanglong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the Computing Power (Infrastructure) Conference in China in 2023 that computing power has become the key productivity in the era of digital economy and an important cornerstone of the digital and intelligent transformation of the whole society, and it is necessary to speed up key technology research.

　　Enterprises in the industrial chain are also feeling the opportunities brought by this computing revolution. "Everyone is scrambling for the layout." A manager of Hyperfusion told reporters that the scale and speed of domestic (enterprise) investment and deployment are accelerating, whether it is intelligent computing or specific to large-scale model computing power.

　　AI computing power demand "jumps"

　　As an important productive force in the era of digital economy, the scale of China’s computing core industry has reached 1.8 trillion yuan in 2022.

　　According to the Evaluation Report of Global Computing Power Index in 2022-2023, every dollar spent on IT can boost the digital economy output of 15 dollars and GDP output of 29 dollars. In other words, the digital economy will grow by 3.6&permil for every 1 point increase in the country’s computing power index; , GDP will increase by 1.7‰ .

　　According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the 19th, up to now, the total rack size of data centers in use in China has exceeded 7.6 million standard racks, and the total computing power has reached 197 trillion floating-point operations (197EFLOPS), ranking second in the world. In addition, 130 trunk optical cables were built around the hub nodes of computing power, and the data transmission performance was greatly improved.

　　By the end of 2022, there were more than 6.5 million standard racks in use in China, with a total computing power of 180EFLOPS. In contrast, in the first eight months of this year, the two figures increased by 16% and 9.4% respectively. According to IDC data, influenced by AI, from 2022 to 2026, the compound annual growth rate of artificial intelligence computing power in China will reach 52.3%.

　　"The door to pattern reshaping has been opened, and the domestic computing industry is undergoing unprecedented major changes." Liu Hongyun, chairman and CEO of Superconfusion, used "jumping" to describe the current state of the industry. He believes that the big model is giving birth to more demand for AI computing power and entering the era of "intelligent computing".

　　"The parameters of large language models have grown from 100 million in 2018 to 100 billion in GPT-3 in 21 years, increasing by 1,000 times in five years. Correspondingly, the demand for computing power of these models has increased by 10 times every 18 months, which is 5 times that of Moore’s Law. In recent years, with the help of sparse computing MoE theory, a large language model with trillions or even trillions of parameters has emerged. " Liu Hongyun said at a partner summit that the rise of multimodal AI will bring more complex models and more huge computing power requirements. The large model is to AI as the earth is to all kinds of animals and plants, which greatly improves the speed and quality of AI development and application.

　　The industry where hyperconfusion is located is the "server" link in the computing power industry chain. At present, the company’s share in the industry has reached the top two, second only to Inspur.

　　For players in the computing power industry chain like hyper-fusion, trillions of parameter models are constantly emerging in the AI era, and the demand for diverse computing power is also growing.

　　According to the data provided by Tianyancha to reporters, by the first half of 2023, there were more than 20 financing events directly related to the "big model" and more than 40 patent applications related to the big model. In the era of big model represented by GPT, multi-modal AI technologies such as voice, picture and video have risen rapidly, shaping a wider data form.

　　As the AI model enters the industry, the computing power it brings will also be reflected in the fields of government affairs, industry, transportation, medical care and other industries. The reporter noted that since last year, Henan, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shanghai, Ningxia and other places have successively introduced policies to support the development of computing power to promote the deep integration of technologies such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy.

　　What are the key points? Where is the challenge?

　　However, while the computing power industry is developing rapidly, it is also facing risks and challenges, such as energy consumption and insufficient computing power.

　　According to statistics in the industry, it takes 14.8 days to train the GPT-3 model on 1000 NVIDIA V100 GPU. Under the condition that the PUE of the data center is 1.1, the total energy consumption will reach 1287MWh. Based on the per capita living electricity consumption level in China in 2021, the power consumption of a single large model training is equivalent to a person’s total living electricity consumption for four years.

　　In addition, there is still a gap between demand and supply in the computing market. According to the prediction of research institutions, the amount of newly generated data in the next three years will exceed the sum of the past 30 years. However, the total amount of data is increasing, and the proportion of data that is really effectively used is negligible. In key technologies, such as server chips, Intel (Intel), AMD and NVIDIA account for more than 85% of the domestic server chip market, and the supply of high-performance chips is insufficient.

　　"The change of computing power demand is also forcing us to go upstream, and the joint ecological partners will reshape the architecture around the server base." Zhang Xiaohua, President of Hyperfusion Global Marketing & Sales Service Department, told reporters that the most important thing in the computing industry is the consensus and promotion of eco-industrial chain partners.

　　"Ecology We have defined multiple dimensions, including sales, services, upstream suppliers, joint innovation lab, software service providers and industry standard organizations, and provided support for partner businesses in terms of systems, incentives, rights, support and services." Zhang Xiaohua told reporters that the "double-ecology" mode currently adopted internally. On the one hand, it cooperates with global suppliers of head parts and raw materials. On the other hand, the free combination of domestic hardware and software products is realized through its own operating system and virtualization technology.

　　In addition to deploying the software and hardware ecology, China manufacturers are also actively deploying the solution of computing power consumption, among which liquid cooling technology has become the direction of tackling key problems.

　　At present, Internet vendors including Ali and Tencent, server vendors such as Hyperfusion, Inspur Information and Dawning have successively invested in the construction of liquid cooling equipment. In order to solve the energy consumption problem, the three major operators plan to carry out large-scale application of liquid cooling by 2025, and more than 50% of data center projects will adopt liquid cooling technology.

　　"From the whole liquid cooling architecture to the realization of liquid cooling, and then to the most critical heat dissipation link involved in the liquid cooling transmission process, the technology has iterated to the fourth generation." Zhang Xiaohua told reporters that the rhythm of R&D is product generation, research generation and operation generation. At present, 10 XLab joint innovation lab have been established in conjunction with several industrial partners, covering key technologies at all levels, from materials to devices, from board-level components to equipment level, and from ecology to data centers.

　　"Technological breakthroughs are fundamental to the development of computing power, and it is necessary to closely track the global technological evolution and industrial development trends." Jin Zhuanglong said at the conference that it is necessary to strengthen systematic innovation and firmly grasp the leading role in development.

　　Previously, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology planned to issue policy documents to promote the high-quality development of computing infrastructure, further strengthen the top-level design, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and enhance the comprehensive supply of computing power.

　　At this conference, Jin Zhuanglong emphasized that China’s computing power industry has begun to take shape, and high computing power chips have accelerated iterative upgrading, and a number of key enterprises in the industry have grown sturdily. (Next) We will carry out the "strong computing power" and give full play to the traction role of "chain owners" enterprises. Focusing on key links such as computing, network and storage, we will gather scientific and technological strength, increase investment in research and development, break through a number of landmark technical products and programs as soon as possible, and accelerate new ones.

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

"Yunnan Medical and Health Service System Planning (2016-2020)" has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

October 22, 2016

(This piece is publicly released)

Planning of Medical and Health Service System in Yunnan Province

(2016-2020)

In order to further optimize and rationally allocate medical and health resources, improve the quality and efficiency of medical and health services in our province, and provide better health protection for the demonstration area of national unity and progress, the vanguard of ecological civilization construction, and the construction of radiation centers facing South Asia and Southeast Asia, this plan is formulated according to the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Outline of the National Medical and Health Service System Planning (2015-2020) (No.14 of the State Council [2015]) and the actual situation of our province.

Chapter 1 Planning Background

Section 1 Basic Status Quo

First, the current situation of medical and health resources

With the great attention of governments at all levels, after years of development, our province has basically established a medical and health service system covering urban and rural areas, which consists of hospitals, primary medical and health institutions and professional public health institutions. Medical and health resources are increasing year by year. Compared with 2010, the number of medical and health institutions at all levels increased from 22,888 to 24,186 in 2015, the number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand permanent residents increased from 3.41 to 5.01, the number of practicing (assistant) doctors increased from 1.38 to 1.68, the number of registered nurses increased from 1.07 to 1.97, and the number of professional public health personnel increased from 0.44.

Second, the utilization of medical and health resources

In 2015, compared with 2010, the total number of patients in medical institutions in the province increased from 176.1324 million to 228.3867 million, with an average annual growth rate of 5.93%. The number of inpatients increased from 4.836 million to 7.4485 million, with an average annual growth rate of 10.80%. In 2015, the number of patients in hospitals and primary health care institutions accounted for 38.60% and 57.63% respectively, of which public hospitals were the main ones, accounting for 83.06% of the total number of patients in hospitals. The utilization rate of hospital beds in medical institutions in the province was 76.23%, and the average hospitalization day was 8.18 days.

Third, the level of health

The average life expectancy of the province’s population is expected to increase from 69.5 years in 2010 to 73.6 years in 2015, and the maternal mortality rate will drop from 37.27/100,000 in 2010 to 23.63/100,000 in 2015. The infant mortality rate and the mortality rate of children under five will drop from 12.24‰ and 15.31‰ in 2010 to 8.7‰ and 15.31 ‰ respectively.

Main problems in the second quarter

First, the total amount of medical and health resources is insufficient and the quality is not high.

There is still a big gap between the quantity and quality of medical and health resources in our province and the health needs of people of all ethnic groups. At the end of 2015, the number of beds in medical and health institutions, the number of licensed (assistant) doctors, the number of registered nurses and the number of professional public health personnel per thousand permanent residents in the province were lower than the national average. Health human resources are particularly scarce. From 2010 to 2015, the average annual growth rate of practicing (assistant) doctors per thousand permanent residents was only 3.84%, which was much lower than the growth rate of the number of patients. The academic qualifications and professional titles of health technicians are generally low. In 2015, only 28.84% of health technicians had a bachelor’s degree or above, and the sub-high and above titles only accounted for 6.41% of health technicians. 27.4% of maternal and child health care institutions in the province are still unable to carry out hospital delivery.

Two, the uneven distribution of medical and health resources, unreasonable structure

The distribution of medical and health resources is uneven, and under-utilization and over-utilization of resources coexist. 93% provincial hospitals, 46% third-class first-class hospitals and 30% licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses are concentrated in Kunming. The development of different types of medical and health institutions is uneven. The characteristic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) have not been fully exerted. In 2015, the number of specialized hospitals in the province only accounted for 19% of the total number of hospitals, and beds only accounted for 13% of the total number of hospital beds. The medical service capacity and medical service radiation capacity were not strong, and specialties such as pediatrics, mental health, rehabilitation, geriatrics, hospice care, maternal and child health care, and family planning were relatively lacking. There are still some problems in social hospitals, such as low level, obscure specialty features, weak talent base and low social recognition, which have not yet formed a pattern of mutual promotion and common development with public hospitals.

Three, the basic medical and health institutions have low management level and weak service ability.

The management level of township hospitals and village clinics is relatively low. The management of community health service institutions is backward and the service function is not perfect. There are some problems in primary medical and health institutions, such as "unable to go down, unable to stay, unable to use well" and low professional quality. It is difficult to improve the service level, and it is difficult for the service ability to undertake the basic functions of primary diagnosis and graded diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, the medical business of primary medical and health institutions has shrunk, and the proportion of beds in township hospitals and the number of people admitted to hospitals have declined.

Four, the development of health information construction lags behind, and the regional development is quite different.

The information infrastructure is poor, the investment in health informatization construction is insufficient, the standards are not uniform, the information utilization and personnel training are not in place. Medical and health institutions at all levels have different degrees of informatization construction, and information interconnection mechanism has not been established between institutions, and medical and health information services for the public are insufficient.

Five, the function orientation of public hospitals is unclear, and the division of labor and cooperation mechanism has not yet been established.

The functional orientation of public hospitals at all levels in the medical and health service system is unclear. The division of labor and cooperation mechanism between medical and health institutions has not yet been established, and the fragmentation of medical and health service system is more serious. The scale of some hospitals is too large, which reduces the management efficiency, increases the burden on patients, siphons off grassroots medical and health talents and patients, occupies the development space of grassroots medical and health institutions and social hospitals, and affects the improvement of the overall efficiency of the medical and health service system.

Section 3 Opportunities and Challenges

In the next five years, the construction of medical and health service system in our province will usher in many rare opportunities. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of medical and health undertakings, give priority to people’s health, focus on popularizing healthy life, optimizing health services, improving health protection, building a healthy environment and developing health industries, accelerate the construction of a healthy China, and strive to ensure people’s health in an all-round and full-cycle manner. The provincial party committee and government regard the protection of people’s health as a major livelihood project, and vigorously promote the construction of healthy Yunnan, which provides a historic opportunity for our province to further improve the medical and health service system. Our province actively serves and integrates into the national "Belt and Road" construction, strives to become a radiation center for South Asia and Southeast Asia, and brings opportunities for medical and health undertakings to open up and develop for South Asia and Southeast Asia. The state has stepped up efforts to get rid of poverty and created policy opportunities for our province to speed up the development of medical and health undertakings. The rapid development and popularization of information technology has provided technical support for the innovation of medical and health service and management mode and the improvement of accessibility and convenience of medical and health services.

At the same time, after years of rapid development, the downward pressure on the economy of our province continues to increase, and the growth of public finance budget revenue is weak, so the development of medical and health undertakings must adapt to the new normal; The new urbanization construction and the optimization and adjustment of the spatial layout of the whole province put forward new requirements for the medical and health service system architecture and resource allocation; With the aging of the population, it is estimated that by 2020, the population of our province will reach 49.1 million, of which the elderly population will reach 6.5 million, accounting for 13%. Geriatrics, rehabilitation and other fields are under great pressure; The major adjustment of birth policy will aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand in pediatrics, maternal and child health care, reproductive health and other fields; The incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases is rising, major infectious diseases have not been completely controlled, and sudden new infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases pose potential threats to the province, especially the border areas; The improvement of the medical security system will further release the medical service needs of people of all ethnic groups; Deepening the reform of medical and health system in an all-round way, and establishing and implementing graded diagnosis and treatment system have set new goals for optimizing the layout and allocation of medical and health resources.

Chapter II General Requirements

The first section guiding ideology

Comprehensively implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee and the National Conference on Health and Wellness, thoroughly implement the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and inspect the spirit of important speeches in Yunnan, closely focus on the "four comprehensive" strategic layout and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the provincial party committee and government, adhere to the concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and shared development, and implement the new policy of health and wellness work in the new period, with the aim of improving the health level of people of all ethnic groups in the province.

Section 2 Basic Principles

First, demand-oriented, rational layout

Guided by health needs and solving people’s major health problems, with adjusting the layout, upgrading the energy level, and strengthening the shortcomings as the main line, we will develop moderately and orderly and strengthen the weak links. Strengthen the management of the whole industry and localization, make unified planning and layout of medical and health resources with different subordinate relations and ownership forms within the administrative area, and scientifically and reasonably determine the number, scale and layout of various medical and health institutions at all levels.

Second, government-led, multi-input

Strengthen the government’s responsibility for the planning, financing and supervision of basic, grass-roots and basic medical and health resources, and safeguard the public welfare of public medical and health care. Give play to the role of market mechanism, strengthen policy guidance, mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of social forces, encourage and support the society to run medical services, so as to meet the people’s multi-level and diversified medical and health service needs.

Third, fairness and accessibility, improve efficiency

Focusing on the goal of ensuring the fairness and accessibility of basic medical and health services and benefiting the masses, we will promote the equalization of basic medical and health services in ethnic minority areas and concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. Pay attention to the scientific and coordinated allocation and use of medical and health resources, give full play to the advantages of information technology, build a scientific, reasonable and convenient medical and health service system, improve efficiency, reduce costs, and achieve the unity of fairness and efficiency.

Fourth, people-oriented, innovative mechanism

Reform the development mode of public hospitals, rationally regulate the scale of public hospital resources, and build a people-oriented integrated service model. Strengthen the construction of talent team, improve the service level of primary medical and health institutions, and enhance the service capacity of public health institutions.

Five, according to local conditions, overall coordination

Fully consider the level of economic and social development, the number of people served, the service radius, the traffic situation and the current situation of medical and health resources, and formulate allocation standards by classification. Coordinate the allocation of urban and rural and regional resources, coordinate the current and long-term, coordinate prevention, medical care and rehabilitation, focus on the grassroots, take reform and innovation as the driving force, give priority to prevention, and pay equal attention to Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and western medicine, give play to the overall function of the medical and health service system, and promote balanced development.

Section III Overall Objectives

Optimize the allocation of medical and health resources, build an integrated medical and health service system that is compatible with the national economic and social development level of our province, matches the health needs of people of all ethnic groups, has a complete system, a clear division of labor, complementary functions, close cooperation and convenient access, and realizes that everyone enjoys basic medical and health services. By 2020, the number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand permanent residents in the province will be controlled at 6.0, the number of licensed (assistant) doctors will reach 2.5, the number of registered nurses will reach 3.14, the number of professional public health personnel will reach 0.83, and the number of general practitioners per 10,000 permanent residents will reach 2 (see Table 1 for details). According to the strategy of "controlling development, moderately developing and accelerating development", the allocation standards of medical and health resources in different States and cities will be formulated, and the gap in the allocation of medical and health resources among States and cities will be gradually narrowed, and a "15-minute health service circle in dam area" and a "30-minute health service circle in mountain area" will be built, with the rate of medical treatment in the county reaching 90%, which will comprehensively improve the fairness and accessibility of basic medical and health services in the province.

Chapter III Layout of Medical and Health Service System

Section 1 Framework of Medical and Health Service System

The medical and health service system mainly includes hospitals, grass-roots medical and health institutions and professional public health institutions.

Hospitals are divided into public hospitals and social hospitals. Among them, public hospitals are divided into government-run hospitals (mainly divided into county-run hospitals, state-run hospitals, provincial-run hospitals and departmental hospitals according to their functional orientation) and other public hospitals (mainly including military hospitals, state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions, etc.). Below the county level are primary medical and health institutions, which are divided into two categories: public and social. Professional public health institutions are divided into government-run professional public health institutions and other professional public health institutions (mainly including professional public health institutions organized by state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions).

Section 2 Hospital Planning and Setting-up

First, public hospitals

(A) functional positioning

As the main body of the medical service system, public hospitals must adhere to the maintenance of public welfare, give full play to the backbone role in the provision of basic medical services, the diagnosis and treatment of critical and difficult diseases, undertake the tasks of personnel training, medical research and medical teaching in medical and health institutions, and undertake the tasks of public health services, emergency medical rescue, foreign aid, national defense and health mobilization, supporting agriculture, supporting the border and supporting the community specified by the law and the government. County-run hospitals are mainly responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases, emergency rescue and referral of difficult diseases, training and guiding staff of primary medical and health institutions, undertaking corresponding public health services and emergency medical rescue, etc. They are an important carrier for the government to provide basic medical and health services to residents in county-level areas.

State-run hospitals mainly provide comprehensive or specialized medical services representing the high level of the region to residents in state-level administrative areas, accept referrals from lower-level hospitals, and undertake personnel training and certain scientific research tasks as well as corresponding public health and emergency medical rescue tasks.

Provincial hospitals mainly provide diagnosis and treatment of critical and difficult diseases and specialized medical services to the states and cities within the provincial administrative region, accept referrals from lower-level hospitals, and undertake personnel training, medical research and corresponding public health and emergency medical rescue tasks.

(2) Institutional setup

Various types of public hospitals are set up scientifically in various regions according to local urbanization, population distribution, geographical transportation, disease spectrum and other factors, and the number and scale of public general hospitals are reasonably controlled. For specialized medical services with large demand, corresponding specialized hospitals are set up according to specific conditions.

According to the number of permanent residents in county-level administrative regions, in principle, each county-level administrative region is set up with one county-run general hospital and one county-run traditional Chinese medicine hospital (including traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic medicine, the same below). The county that lacks TCM resources and unconditionally sets up TCM hospitals should set up TCM or ethnic medicine rooms in county-run general hospitals, with the number of beds not less than 10%. National autonomous county-level administrative regions give priority to the establishment of national medical hospitals. County-run general hospitals must set up psychiatric departments and infectious diseases departments. Counties with a population of more than 500,000 can appropriately increase the number of public hospitals.

In the prefecture-level administrative regions, according to the number of permanent residents, the service radius is generally about 50 kilometers per 1 million-2 million population, and 1-2 prefecture-level general hospitals (including traditional Chinese medicine hospitals) are set up, which can be appropriately relaxed in sparsely populated areas. In accordance with the principle of "reasonable layout, clear positioning and prominent focus", all prefectures and cities should set up at least one general hospital run by prefectures and cities and one hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, and encourage other existing general hospitals to develop into specialized hospitals for children, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology, stomatology, rehabilitation, psychosis, infectious diseases, senile diseases and hospice care as needed. Cities that have not set up specialized psychiatric hospitals and infectious diseases hospitals must set up psychiatric departments and infectious diseases departments in general hospitals in cities.

In provincial administrative regions, according to the number of permanent residents, 1-2 provincial-run general hospitals are planned for every 10 million people, and provincial-run specialized hospitals for children, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology, cardiovascular disease, mental illness, infectious diseases, occupational diseases, stomatology, rehabilitation, etc. (including traditional Chinese medicine specialized hospitals) are planned according to needs. Through exchanges and cooperation, innovation and development, we will continuously improve the level of medical services and the strength of medical scientific research, and build provincial hospitals into medical highlands based in Yunnan and facing South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Second, the society runs hospitals

Running a hospital by the society is an indispensable part of the medical and health service system and an effective way to meet the people’s multi-level and diversified medical service needs. Social-run hospitals can provide basic medical services, high-end services or services in short supply such as rehabilitation and elderly care, and form an orderly competition and supplement with public hospitals.

By 2020, planning space will be reserved for social hospitals according to no less than 1.5 beds per 1,000 permanent residents, and the setting of diagnosis and treatment subjects and the configuration space of large medical equipment will be reserved simultaneously. Guide the development of social hospitals to a high level and scale, encourage social hospitals to upgrade infrastructure construction, and develop professional hospital management groups. Support the society to run hospitals with large medical equipment.

Improve supporting policies, and encourage and guide social capital to set up medical institutions on the premise of meeting the planned total amount and structure. Speed up the examination and approval procedures, and approve hospitals run by the society with corresponding qualifications in accordance with the regulations, simplify the examination and approval process and improve the examination and approval efficiency. Relax the requirements for service areas, and all areas that are not explicitly prohibited by laws and regulations can be opened to social capital. Give priority to supporting the establishment of non-profit medical institutions. Promote doctors to practice more, strengthen business cooperation between public hospitals and community-run hospitals, improve clinical level and academic status, support community-run hospitals to be included in the designated scope of medical insurance, improve planning layout and land security, optimize investment and financing guidance policies, improve fiscal and taxation price policies, and implement market-adjusted prices for medical services in community-run hospitals. Strengthen industry supervision to ensure medical quality and safety.

Section III Planning and Setting of Grassroots Medical and Health Institutions

First, the functional orientation

The main duties of primary medical and health institutions are to provide basic public health services such as prevention, health care, health education, family planning, diagnosis and treatment services for common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, and rehabilitation and nursing services for some diseases, and to refer common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and critical and difficult patients beyond their own service capacity to hospitals. Grass-roots medical and health institutions mainly include township hospitals, community health service centers (stations), village clinics, outpatient departments, infirmary (offices) and so on. Township hospitals and community health service centers are responsible for providing basic public health services, comprehensive services such as diagnosis, treatment, nursing and rehabilitation of common and frequently-occurring diseases, and entrusted by county-level health and family planning administrative departments to undertake public health management within their administrative areas, and are responsible for comprehensive management, technical guidance and training of rural doctors in village clinics and community health service stations. Township hospitals are divided into central township hospitals and general township hospitals. In addition to the service functions of general township hospitals, central township hospitals should also carry out common operations, focus on strengthening medical service capabilities and undertake technical guidance for general township hospitals in surrounding areas. Village clinics and community health service stations, under the unified management and guidance of township hospitals and community health service centers, undertake basic public health services for people in administrative villages and neighborhood committees, and carry out primary diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of common and frequently-occurring diseases. The basic medical and health institutions such as the infirmary and outpatient department (institute) within the unit are responsible for the basic public health and basic medical services of the unit or the functional community.Other out-patient departments, clinics and other grassroots medical and health institutions provide relevant medical and health services according to the health needs of residents. The government can subsidize the services it provides by purchasing services.

Second, the institutional setup

Township hospitals and community health service centers shall be set up according to the administrative divisions of townships and sub-district offices or a certain service population. By 2020, a township health center run by the government will be well established in each township, and a community health service center run by the government will be set up within the scope of each street office or according to the plan for every 30,000-100,000 residents. Comprehensively improve the service capacity and level of community health service centers and township hospitals. Considering urbanization, geographical location, population concentration and other factors, about one-third of township hospitals are selected to improve their service capacity and level, and central township hospitals are built. Reasonably determine the number and layout of village clinics and community health service stations, and reasonably set them according to the coverage of township hospitals and community health service centers, service radius, service population and other factors. In principle, each administrative village should set up a village clinic and each community should set up a community health service station. The establishment of individual clinics and other primary medical and health institutions is not limited by the planning and layout, and the management mode of market regulation is implemented.

Section 4 Planning and Setting of Professional Public Health Institutions

First, the functional orientation

Professional public health institutions are institutions that provide professional public health services (mainly including disease prevention and control, comprehensive supervision and law enforcement of health and family planning, health education, maternal and child health care, mental health, first aid, blood collection and supply, food safety risk monitoring and evaluation and standard management, family planning, birth defect prevention, etc.) within their administrative areas, and undertake corresponding management work. Professional public health institutions mainly include disease prevention and control institutions, health education institutions, health and family planning comprehensive supervision and law enforcement institutions, maternal and child health care family planning service institutions, mental health professional institutions, emergency centers (stations), blood stations, etc., which are organized by the government in principle.

The main duties of county-run professional public health institutions are: to undertake professional public health tasks, corresponding business management, information submission and other work within the administrative area, and to provide technical guidance, personnel training, supervision and assessment on public health work of medical and health institutions within the administrative area, and to complete the mandatory tasks assigned by superiors.

The main responsibilities of state-run professional public health institutions are: to undertake professional public health tasks and corresponding information management within the administrative area, and to carry out business guidance, personnel training, supervision and assessment for subordinate professional public health institutions, and to complete the mandatory tasks assigned by superiors.

The main responsibilities of provincial professional public health institutions are: undertaking professional public health tasks within the administrative area, carrying out regional business planning, scientific research and training, information management, technical support, business guidance, personnel training, supervision and assessment of subordinate professional public health institutions, and completing mandatory tasks assigned by superiors.

Second, the institutional setup

Professional public health institutions are set up reasonably according to the number of permanent residents, service scope, workload and other factors in the administrative area. Strengthen the integration of public health service resources in administrative areas and encourage the formation of comprehensive public health service centers; Strengthen the capacity building of disease prevention and control in border areas; Strengthen the capacity building of health education. According to administrative divisions and levels, there is only one similar professional public health institution in each administrative region at or above the county level in principle, and the government at or above the county level regulates the establishment of comprehensive supervision and law enforcement institutions for health and family planning according to their work responsibilities, which will undertake the task of comprehensive supervision and law enforcement for health and family planning.

Below the county level, community health service centers (stations), township hospitals (maternal and child health care and family planning service stations), village clinics and family planning service rooms undertake professional public health-related work. Integrate the maternal and child health care functions of township family planning technical service institutions and township hospitals. Village clinics and village family planning service rooms are reserved at the village level and shared.

In principle, there are one disease prevention and control, one comprehensive health and family planning supervision, and one maternal and child health care and family planning service institution within the county-level administrative region. At present, the specialized prevention and control institutions for leprosy and schistosomiasis are gradually integrated into the disease prevention and control center; There is an emergency center (station) and a blood bank attached to the county-run general hospital, and the location of the state government is not repeated.

One public health institution, including disease prevention and control, comprehensive supervision of health and family planning, maternal and child health care and family planning services, blood collection and supply, and one emergency center (station) are set up independently or relying on the state-run general hospital. Kunming will no longer set up emergency centers and blood centers repeatedly. All localities can integrate resources according to the actual situation. Within the provincial administrative region, one professional public health institution is set up, including disease prevention and control, health education, comprehensive supervision of health and family planning, maternal and child health care, scientific research of population and family planning, mental health, first aid, blood center and so on.

Within the scope of the province, the mental health service system and network will be established and improved on the basis of professional mental health institutions as the main body, psychiatric departments of general hospitals as the auxiliary, primary medical and health institutions and community rehabilitation institutions for mental illness.

Within the province, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the province will be strengthened based on disease prevention and control institutions as the main body, infectious diseases specialist hospitals and general hospitals as the auxiliary, and primary medical and health institutions.

Within the scope of the province, with the provincial and municipal emergency centers as the leader, the county-run emergency center and the pre-hospital emergency network hospital jointly built a relatively complete emergency network. Strengthen the construction of emergency medical rescue bases in areas with frequent geological disasters, locations of large-scale petroleum refining and chemical projects, and areas along oil pipelines.

Section 5 Building a Regional Medical and Health Center

According to the development idea of "strengthening central Yunnan, invigorating the border areas, linking corridors, multi-point support and two-way opening", combined with the new urbanization construction plan, we will build six medical and health service areas in central Yunnan, western Yunnan, southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and northeastern Yunnan. The medical and health service areas in central Yunnan include Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong and Qujing; The medical and health service areas in western Yunnan include Dali, Baoshan and Dehong; The medical and health service areas in southeastern Yunnan include Honghe and Wenshan; The medical and health service areas in northwest Yunnan include Lijiang, Diqing and Nujiang. The medical and health service areas in southwest Yunnan include Xishuangbanna, Pu ‘er and Lincang. The medical and health service area in northeast Yunnan includes Zhaotong. Coordinate high-quality medical and health resources in various regions, develop interactively, build regional medical and health centers, and improve the overall level of medical and health services in the province.

In the medical and health service area in central Yunnan, based on the construction of national and provincial clinical key specialties and clinical disciplines, relying on the provincial-run tertiary hospitals, we will introduce domestic high-quality medical and health resources to cooperate and build a provincial-level high-level medical and health center; Relying on Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, we will build a national cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment center and a provincial cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment training base for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Strive to build the provincial high-level medical and health center into a medical and health institution with beautiful environment, talented people, outstanding characteristics, excellent equipment, leading technology, rigorous academic research, innovation and advanced management, and provide efficient and high-quality diagnosis and treatment of critical and difficult diseases and specialized medical services for the whole province and neighboring countries, leading the improvement of the medical and health level of the whole province.

In the medical and health service areas of western Yunnan, southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and northeastern Yunnan, regional medical and health centers in western Yunnan, southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and northeastern Yunnan will be built through the construction of key clinical specialties and clinical disciplines jointly established by provincial and provincial cities, and relying on tertiary hospitals with strong technical capabilities and good service capabilities in the region to provide high-level medical and health services to the people in the region, and train and guide primary medical and health personnel in the region.

In the medical and health service areas of western Yunnan, northwest Yunnan, southwest Yunnan and central Yunnan, we will give full play to the traditional advantages of ethnic medicine, actively carry out ethnic medicine services and build ethnic medicine service centers such as Tibetan medicine, Dai medicine and Yi medicine, relying on existing ethnic hospitals such as Tibetan medicine hospitals, Dai medicine hospitals and Yi medicine hospitals.

Section 6 Division of Labor and Cooperation of Medical and Health Institutions

Establish and improve the division of labor and cooperation among public hospitals, professional public health institutions, grass-roots medical and health institutions and social hospitals, integrate the service functions of various medical and health institutions at all levels, and provide systematic, continuous and all-round medical and health services for the masses.

I. Combination of prevention and control

Professional public health institutions should strengthen guidance, training and assessment for public hospitals, primary medical and health institutions and social hospitals to carry out public health services, and establish cooperation mechanisms such as information sharing and interconnection. Clarify the responsibilities of professional public health institutions and medical institutions, and do a good job in the comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and cancer. General hospitals or specialized hospitals carry out diagnosis and treatment of key infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and AIDS, as well as patients with occupational diseases and mental diseases, and professional public health institutions are responsible for tracking and management. Provide women and children with life-cycle health care and clinical health services, and carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment of birth defects. Strengthen the coordination between maternal and child health care institutions and general hospitals, and focus on strengthening the referral and treatment of high-risk pregnant women and high-risk children. General hospitals and related specialized hospitals should rely on relevant departments and cooperate closely with professional public health institutions to undertake certain public health tasks within their administrative areas and provide operational guidance to primary medical and health institutions. Establish a compensation mechanism and a service purchase mechanism for medical institutions to undertake public health tasks. Strengthen the construction of public health service capacity of grassroots medical and health institutions to ensure that all public health tasks are in place.

Second, pay equal attention to Chinese and western medicine

Efforts will be made to promote the revitalization and development of Chinese medicine, adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to both Chinese and Western medicine, give full play to the unique advantages of Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) in medical prevention and health care in our province, establish and improve the development mechanism of Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine), strengthen the team building of Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine), and improve the management system, inheritance and innovation system and service system of Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine). Use modern science and technology to strengthen the cooperation between Chinese and western medicine in disease prevention, clinical treatment and medical research, and promote the complementary and coordinated development of Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and western medicine. Increase the information support of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) hospitals. In general hospitals, maternal and child health institutions and other non-Chinese medical and health institutions, Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) departments are set up. Strengthen the construction of comprehensive service areas of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) in township hospitals and community health service centers. Strengthen the development of ethnic medicine such as Tibetan medicine, Yi medicine and Dai medicine. Strive to realize the creative transformation and development of traditional Chinese medicine health preservation culture.

Third, up and down linkage

Establish and improve the graded diagnosis and treatment mode in line with the actual situation in our province, build a division of labor and cooperation mechanism between hospitals at different levels, hospitals and primary medical and health institutions, and continue medical institutions, improve the operation mechanism of networked urban and rural primary medical and health services, and gradually realize the diagnosis and treatment pattern of primary diagnosis, two-way referral, up-and-down linkage, and rapid and slow division. With the goal of forming a graded diagnosis and treatment order, we will actively explore scientific and effective medical associations and telemedicine and other graded diagnosis and treatment methods, and strive to improve the incentive mechanism of the reimbursement ratio of basic medical insurance for two-way graded diagnosis and treatment. Make full use of information technology to promote the disclosure of medical service information and the vertical flow of high-quality medical resources, and realize the information channel of sharing diagnosis and treatment information, developing telemedicine service and teaching and training between hospitals and primary medical and health institutions. Improve the service chain of treatment-rehabilitation-long-term care, develop and strengthen continuous medical institutions such as rehabilitation, elderly care, long-term care, chronic disease management, hospice care, establish a system of acute and slow treatment, and improve the utilization efficiency of medical resources in public hospitals.

Fourth, the combination of medical care and nursing

Combined with the unique advantages of natural conditions in our province, we will establish various types of combination models of medical care and nursing. Encourage all kinds of medical institutions to carry out pension services, support all kinds of pension institutions to load medical service functions, increase the number of resources to provide medical services for the elderly, and enhance the ability of general hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, geriatric hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes, hospice care institutions and primary medical and health institutions to serve the elderly. From the aspects of common diseases, chronic diseases, rehabilitation nursing and health promotion, we will focus on strengthening the ability of primary medical and health institutions to provide diagnosis and treatment services for the elderly. Medical and health institutions have opened a green channel for the old-age care institutions to provide services such as medical rounds, health management, health consultation, appointment, emergency treatment, and Chinese medicine health care for the elderly, so as to ensure that the elderly can get timely and effective medical treatment. Conditional medical institutions set up in old-age care institutions can be used as post-rehabilitation nursing places for the elderly in hospitals (including traditional Chinese medicine hospitals). Encourage two or more general hospitals (including Chinese medicine hospitals) to carry out counterpart support and cooperation with old-age care institutions. We will integrate medical, rehabilitation, old-age care and nursing resources by building a medical and old-age care consortium, and provide the elderly with health and old-age care services that integrate hospitalization during treatment, rehabilitation care, stable life care and hospice care. Promote the extension of medical and health services to communities and families. Encourage social forces to set up institutions that combine medical care with nursing care.

V. Diversified development

Strengthen the coordinated development of social medical institutions and public medical and health institutions, and improve the overall efficiency of medical and health resources. Encourage social capital to invest in service areas that meet diverse needs. Encourage social capital to invest in establishing community health service institutions through various forms and channels. Encourage social forces to set up Chinese medicine specialized hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes (stations) and clinics for oral diseases, geriatric diseases and chronic diseases. Encourage social forces to give priority to the establishment of non-profit specialized hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine such as gynecology, pediatrics, orthopedics and anorectal diseases, and develop rehabilitation hospitals and nursing homes with Chinese medicine characteristics. There are no layout restrictions on the establishment planning of medical institutions and regional health development planning for Chinese medicine clinics and clinics that only provide traditional Chinese medicine services with social capital. Support qualified Chinese medicine professionals and technicians, especially famous old Chinese medicine practitioners to set up Chinese medicine clinics and clinics. Encourage pharmaceutical trading enterprises to hold traditional Chinese medicine clinic. Actively carry out more practice of doctors. Support social medical institutions to strengthen the construction of key disciplines, introduce and train talents, and enhance their academic status. Encourage and support social forces to participate in public health work, and strengthen technical guidance and supervision and management. Social forces should strengthen their own management, constantly strengthen their own capabilities, and work closely with professional public health institutions to ensure the smooth development of public health work.

Chapter IV Allocation of Medical and Health Resources

The first section configuration ideas

In view of the overall shortage of medical and health resources and the extreme shortage of health human resources in our province, we should control the growth rate of beds, improve service efficiency, speed up the construction of practicing (assistant) doctors, professional public health personnel and general practitioners, and rationally allocate registered nurses in accordance with the development idea of overall coordination.

In view of the uneven distribution of medical and health resources, according to the social and economic development, geographical traffic conditions, current situation of medical and health resources and the needs of regional medical and health center construction, 16 provinces and cities in the province are divided into: Kunming, the control development area; Moderately developed areas: Yuxi, Chuxiong, Honghe, Xishuangbanna and Dehong; Areas for accelerated development: Qujing, Baoshan, Zhaotong, Lijiang, Pu ‘er, lincang, Wenshan, Dali, Nujiang and Diqing.

According to the strategy of "controlling development, moderately developing and accelerating development", the allocation standard of medical and health resources in different regions is formulated, which requires controlling the development regions to promote structural adjustment, strengthen connotation construction, control the growth rate of all kinds of resources, guide the society to do fine medical work, encourage state-run hospitals and county-run hospitals to explore new service models, and gradually compress beds; Encourage moderately developed areas to improve efficiency, revitalize stocks, and rationally allocate and utilize various medical and health resources; Support to accelerate the development of areas to increase the construction of service supply capacity, and gradually narrow the gap in medical and health service capacity between various regions. Appropriate tilt will be given to the allocation of various resources in eight border States and cities, including Honghe Prefecture, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Baoshan City, Pu ‘er City, lincang, Wenshan Prefecture, Dehong Prefecture and Nujiang Prefecture, so as to strengthen the medical and health services and disease prevention and control capabilities in border areas and provide health protection for the construction of a radiation center for South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Section 2 Allocation of Bed Resources

I. Structural configuration

By 2020, the total number of beds in medical and health institutions in the province will be controlled at about 295,000, the number of beds in medical and health institutions per 1,000 permanent residents will be controlled at 6.0, and the number of beds in public hospitals will be controlled at 3.25, including 1.94 hospitals run by counties, 0.88 hospitals run by cities and 0.33 hospitals run by provinces. There are 0.10 other public hospitals, 1.5 social hospitals and 1.25 primary medical and health institutions organized by state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions. The number of beds in Chinese medicine hospitals can be configured according to 0.55 beds per thousand permanent residents. Public specialized hospitals can be set up according to the proportion of 15% beds in public hospitals. If the number of beds in public hospitals per thousand permanent residents exceeds 3.25, in principle, the scale of public hospitals will no longer be expanded, and areas with conditions will be encouraged to optimize and adjust the excessive stock resources of public hospitals. The government has increased investment in areas and fields where medical and health service resources are short and social capital investment is insufficient to meet the basic medical and health service needs of the people. According to the basic tasks and functions undertaken, reasonably determine the size of beds in primary medical and health institutions, focusing on improving the quality of beds, improving the efficiency of use, and focusing on strengthening the combination of medical care, nursing and rehabilitation beds.

Second, the regional configuration

Considering the social economy, geographical location, service population, existing bed resources, bed utilization and other factors of each state and city, the bed allocation standards of each state and city are formulated according to the strategy of "controlling development, moderately developing and accelerating development" (see Table 3 for details).

Third, the monomer scale

Strictly control the bed size of public hospitals (single practice point). The number of beds in county-run comprehensive hospitals is generally about 500, and the number of beds in counties with a population of more than 500,000 can be appropriately increased. In principle, the number of beds in counties with a population of more than 1 million does not exceed 1,000; The number of beds in state-run general hospitals is generally about 800, and cities with a population of more than 3 million can be appropriately increased, in principle, not more than 1200; The number of beds in provincial and above general hospitals is generally about 1000, and in principle it is not more than 1500. General hospitals with more than 1,500 beds before 2015 shall not add any more beds. The size of beds in specialized hospitals is reasonably set according to actual needs.

Section III Allocation of Health Human Resources

The allocation of health human resources is adapted to the people’s health service demand, institutional function orientation and bed allocation. The distribution of medical and health talents in urban and rural areas and regions tends to be reasonable, and all kinds of talent teams develop in a coordinated manner. Strengthen the standardized training of general practitioners and residents, improve the coordination mechanism of medical education, and gradually establish and improve the general practitioner system. Promote the rational flow of medical personnel, optimize their allocation in the flow and give full play to their functions. Strengthen the construction of special capacity of public health personnel.

First, the configuration of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses

Considering the social economy, geographical location, service population, existing human resources, medical and health service demand and other factors of each state and city, according to the strategy of "controlling development, moderately developing and accelerating development", the allocation standards of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses in each state and city are formulated.

By 2020, the number of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses per thousand permanent residents in the province will reach 2.5 and 3.14 respectively, with a total of about 123,000 and 154,000 respectively (see Table 4 for the allocation guidelines). States and cities can make appropriate adjustments according to the changes of population, economic development level and medical service needs and demands in the region.

Second, the hospital staffing

Hospital staff should focus on the allocation of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses, and allocate the number of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses on the basis of residents’ health service demand and doctors’ standard workload, combined with factors such as serving population, economic situation and natural conditions. The doctor-nurse ratio is 1: 1.25, and the bed-nurse ratio of state-run and above hospitals is not less than 1: 0.6. Medical and health institutions undertaking clinical teaching, teaching practice, supporting grassroots units, foreign aid medical care, emergency rescue, medical research and other tasks may appropriately increase staffing. Hospitals that do not meet the standard of bed-to-nurse ratio are not allowed to expand the size of beds in principle.

Three, the basic medical and health institutions staffing

By 2020, the number of primary health workers per thousand permanent residents will reach more than 3.5; The number of rural doctors per thousand service population is not less than 1, and the number of administrative villages with scattered residence can be appropriately increased; Every village clinic has at least one village doctor practicing. Village clinics equipped with more than two village doctors should have one female village doctor, and at least one village doctor who can attend the Western Conference. There are 2 general practitioners per 10,000 permanent residents, and each township health center has 2 general practitioners. The general practitioner system has been initially established, and a unified and standardized general practitioner training model and a service model of "first diagnosis at the grassroots level" have basically been formed. General practitioners and urban and rural residents have basically established a relatively stable contract service relationship, which basically meets the basic medical and health service needs of the people.

Fourth, the staffing of professional public health institutions

By 2020, the number of public health personnel per thousand permanent residents will reach 0.83, and all kinds of public health personnel at all levels will meet the needs of work. In principle, the staff of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention shall be approved according to the proportion of resident population of 1.75/ 10,000, and the number of infectious diseases in high-incidence areas and remote areas may be appropriately increased. Among them, the proportion of professional and technical personnel in the total establishment shall not be less than 85%, and the proportion of health technical personnel shall not be less than 70%. Maternal and child health care and family planning institutions should be reasonably staffed according to the local service population, social needs, traffic conditions, regional health and family planning development plans and the functions and tasks undertaken. The proportion of health technicians in maternal and child health care and family planning service institutions shall not be less than 80% of the total number. Professional mental health institutions shall allocate public health personnel according to the population in the region and the mental health prevention and control tasks undertaken. Blood collection and supply institutions shall allocate health technical personnel according to the annual business volume of blood collection and supply. Emergency centers, health and family planning comprehensive supervision and law enforcement agencies should be staffed according to the service population and annual business volume.

Section IV Information Resource Allocation

To guide the construction of population health informatization in the whole province with the national health insurance informatization project, and effectively improve the application level of population health informatization business; With information benefiting the people as the goal and business and management requirements as the guidance, a practical, shared and safe population health information service network will be built in an all-round way. Accelerate the construction of population health information platforms at the provincial, city and county levels, integrate and improve six business application systems, including public health, family planning, medical services, medical security, drug management and comprehensive management, and connect three databases, namely, population information, electronic medical records and electronic health records of residents, build a big data center for population health in the whole province, and popularize the application of residents’ health cards. Study and formulate the standard system of population health information in our province and implement the safety guarantee system.

By 2020, an interconnected population health information service system in the whole province will be initially established, so as to realize the integration of all-in-one coverage of health and family planning, all-in-one health card for residents and government social resources, and establish a national health security information service mechanism with full population coverage, whole life process, equal emphasis on Chinese and Western medicine, and all-weather work; Strengthen the application of medical and health big data analysis based on residents’ electronic health records throughout their life cycle; Promote health and family planning business collaboration, information sharing and scientific decision-making.

Section 5 Allocation of Other Resources

I. Configuration of large-scale equipment

According to the functional orientation, medical technology level, subject development and people’s health needs, strengthen the allocation planning of large medical equipment. Adhere to resource sharing and ladder configuration, guide medical institutions to rationally allocate appropriate equipment, gradually improve the allocation level of domestic medical equipment, and reduce medical costs. Strictly control the unconventional and debt-borrowing equipment of public hospitals. Moderately relax the allocation conditions of social medical institutions, do not take the level of social medical institutions and the size of beds as the necessary preconditions for determining the allocation of large-scale equipment, focus on assessing the qualifications and technical service capabilities of institutional personnel, and reserve a certain allocation quota for large-scale equipment of social medical institutions. In order to control the unreasonable increase of medical expenses caused by large-scale medical equipment and ensure the safety of large-scale medical equipment, medical insurance reimbursement support and price charging license support are not allowed for large-scale medical equipment that has not been allowed. Support the development of professional medical inspection institutions and imaging institutions, and gradually establish a mechanism for sharing, sharing and co-management of large medical equipment. Encourage the establishment of regional medical imaging centers in central Yunnan, southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and other areas with conditions, promote the establishment of a service model of "inspection by primary medical and health institutions and hospital diagnosis", and improve the service capacity of primary medical imaging inspection and inspection. According to the unified and standardized standard system, the inspection of medical institutions above the second level is open to all medical institutions, and the promotion is conditional.In the area to carry out centralized inspection and mutual recognition of inspection results. Large-scale medical equipment shall be classified and managed according to the items, and the specific configuration plan shall be formulated separately. Strictly implement the relevant provisions on the purchase and use of second-hand large-scale medical equipment by medical institutions. It is strictly forbidden to use the models that have been eliminated by the state.

Second, the technical configuration

According to the demand of medical and health services, the functional orientation of medical and health institutions, disease spectrum, difficult and critical diseases, etc., the medical and health technology is rationally allocated. The establishment of medical technology clinical application evaluation management system, the clinical application of medical technology for the record management. Focusing on common diseases and health problems, we will strengthen the research and development, popularization and application of appropriate medical technologies, and strengthen the popularization and application of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) technology. Build 50 provincial clinical key disciplines and 20 Chinese medicine key disciplines, form superior disciplines with Yunnan characteristics, and promote the overall level of disease diagnosis and treatment and the comprehensive competitiveness of hospitals. We will implement 300 provincial-level key clinical specialty construction projects and 200 provincial-level key clinical specialty cultivation projects, and build a number of key clinical specialty groups with radiation and demonstration functions to solve the problems of diagnosis and treatment of difficult, critical and specialized diseases for the masses. Strive to build 1-3 national regional medical diagnosis and treatment centers by 2020, and 40 specialties will meet the national standards of key clinical specialties, and the ability to treat difficult and critical diseases will be significantly improved. Strengthen the system construction of county-level medical institutions and the capacity building with talents and technology as the core, realize the rule of law, standardization, refinement and informatization of hospital management, and achieve the basic requirements of the state for comprehensive medical services. Each township health center and community health service center should build at least one clinical key department to achieve the goal of "common diseases do not leave the countryside and serious diseases basically do not leave the county". Strengthen the allocation of pre-hospital emergency transport equipment and the construction of pre-hospital emergency capacity in ethnic minority areas and remote areas.

Third, the allocation of funds

Strengthen the government’s investment responsibility for basic, grass-roots and basic medical and health resources, safeguard the public welfare of public medical and health services, and effectively ensure the funds for public health services and primary health services. The newly increased medical and health investment should focus on public health, primary health care, traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and other key areas. Reform the way of financial subsidies and establish a mechanism linking financial subsidies with performance appraisal results. Provincial, state and municipal finance will give preferential support to areas and regional medical and health centers where medical and health services are lagging behind, and increase support for health services in poverty-stricken areas.

Chapter V Safeguard Measures

Section 1 Strengthening organizational leadership

First, strengthen leadership

The planning of medical and health service system is an important means for the government to carry out macro-control on health undertakings. It is necessary to strengthen the leadership of regional health planning, put regional health planning on the important agenda, include it in the government’s work objectives and assessment objectives, and establish an accountability system. Governments at all levels should make overall consideration of the development needs of medical and health institutions in the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, rationally arrange land supply, and give priority to ensuring the land for non-profit medical institutions.

Second, rationally divide the responsibilities of governments at all levels

The people’s governments of prefectures and cities are responsible for studying and compiling the regional health planning and the establishment planning of medical institutions, and organizing their implementation. It is necessary to focus on the planning of hospitals and professional public health institutions at the prefecture level and below, refine the bed allocation standards to counties, and make overall plans for the establishment of various medical and health institutions at all levels in the city according to the principle of territoriality. The county-level government shall be responsible for the establishment of county-run hospitals, professional public health institutions and primary medical and health institutions in the region in accordance with the requirements of the regional health planning and medical institution establishment planning of the city where it is located.

Third, clarify the responsibilities of relevant departments

Departments of health and family planning, development and reform, finance, urban and rural planning, human resources and social security, institutional establishment and Chinese medicine management should conscientiously perform their duties and promote regional health planning in a coordinated manner. In terms of health and family planning, formulate regional health planning and medical institution setting planning and make dynamic adjustments in a timely manner; In terms of development and reform, we will carry out capital construction management for new reconstruction and expansion projects according to the plan, and actively strive for central construction funds in accordance with capital construction procedures; In terms of price, promote the reform of medical service price; In terms of finance, it is necessary to implement relevant funds in accordance with the government’s health investment policy, and pay attention to the principle of paying equal attention to both Chinese and western medicine; In terms of urban and rural planning and management, construction land should be approved in accordance with the urban and rural planning approved according to law; In terms of institutional establishment, it is necessary to coordinate the establishment of public medical and health institutions according to relevant regulations and standards; In terms of social security, we should speed up the reform of medical insurance payment system; Other relevant departments should carry out their duties and do a good job in relevant work.

Section 2 Innovating System and Mechanism

Deepen the reform of medical and health system and create favorable conditions for the implementation of medical and health service system planning. The main content of this plan is the allocation of medical and health resources. The overall deployment of deepening medical reform during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period will be arranged by the medical and health system reform plan. In the process of implementation, it is necessary to make a good connection with relevant plans. It is necessary to establish and improve the government’s health input mechanism and clarify the leading position of the government in providing public health and basic medical services. Effectively implement the investment policy for public and social non-profit medical and health institutions. Reasonably divide the responsibility of governments at all levels for medical and health investment. Deepen the comprehensive reform of primary medical and health institutions, improve the operational mechanism of networked urban and rural primary medical and health services, and improve service quality and efficiency; Accelerate the reform of public hospitals, establish a reasonable compensation mechanism, a scientific performance evaluation mechanism and a personnel compensation system that adapts to the characteristics of the industry, and promote the separation of management and administration, politics and medicine. Scientifically establish a dynamic adjustment system for performance pay in professional public health institutions, and allow grassroots public health institutions to extract a certain proportion from the balance of income and expenditure as an incentive performance pay increment, which will be included in the overall management of performance pay. Accelerate the development of serious illness insurance and commercial health insurance for urban and rural residents, and establish and improve a multi-level medical security system with basic medical insurance as the main body. Reform the medical insurance payment method and establish a more reasonable medical insurance payment mechanism. Strengthen the supervision of the whole medical and health industry. We will implement various forms of medical practice insurance such as medical liability insurance and medical accident insurance, and accelerate the development of third-party mediation mechanisms such as people’s mediation of medical disputes.Improve the medical dispute handling mechanism.

Section III Intensifying the Adjustment of Resources

According to the principle of "strictly planning increment and scientifically adjusting stock", the number and layout of public hospitals in the region are reasonably determined, and various measures are taken to promote the layout and structural optimization of public hospitals. Reasonably control the bed size, construction standards and large-scale equipment configuration of public hospitals, and prohibit borrowing for construction and equipment. For weak areas such as new urban areas, suburbs and satellite urban areas, the government should build public medical and health institutions in a planned and step-by-step manner to meet the basic medical and health needs of the people. Focus on strengthening the construction of service capacity in weak areas such as traditional Chinese medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, maternal and child health care, family planning, mental health, infectious diseases, elderly care, oral cavity and rehabilitation. Give priority to supporting the development of concentrated contiguous destitute areas, populous counties and areas lacking medical resources, and guide the flow of urban high-quality medical and health resources to grassroots and rural areas. Priority should be given to strengthening the service capacity of county-run hospitals and improving the medical capacity and level in the county. By 2020, 90% of county-run hospitals and county-run Chinese medicine hospitals will meet the basic standards for comprehensive capacity building of county hospitals and county Chinese medicine hospitals respectively, and the rate of medical treatment in the county will increase to 90%. Support the standardization of village clinics, township hospitals and community health service institutions, and build a "15-minute health service circle in dam area" and a "30-minute health service circle in mountain area". We will increase support for the development of medical and health service system and the targeted training of talents in ethnic minority areas, border areas and concentrated contiguous destitute areas. Newly built residential areas and communities shall ensure basic medical and health facilities in accordance with relevant regulations. In areas with surplus resources of public hospitals, it is necessary to optimize the structure and layout and proceed from reality.According to the needs, some public hospitals will be actively and steadily transformed into rehabilitation, elderly care and other continuing medical institutions or community health service institutions. For public hospitals that exceed the scale standard, comprehensive measures should be taken to gradually compress beds.

Section IV Strengthening the Training and Use of Talents

Carry out the basic talent training plan, strengthen the coordinated development of medical education, establish a supply-demand balance mechanism between medical talent training and talent demand in health and family planning industry, accelerate the construction of a clinical medical talent training system with "5+3" as the main body and "3+2" as the supplement, continue to carry out the free training of rural order-oriented medical students, and explore the "5+3+X" specialist training model. We will fully implement standardized training for residents and assistant general practitioners, and carry out pilot projects for standardized training system for specialists. Further promote continuing medical education. By 2020, a standardized and standardized clinical medical personnel training system with Yunnan characteristics will be basically established, which is organically connected with college education, post-graduation education and continuing education.

Carry out the training plan for 10,000 doctors and speed up the construction of practicing (assistant) doctors. Strengthen the construction of grassroots medical and health teams focusing on general practitioners, improve the on-the-job training system, and encourage rural doctors to participate in academic education. Strengthen the training of nursing, pediatrics, psychiatry and other urgently needed professionals. Taking the training project of "Yunling famous doctor", high-level talents and "provincial famous Chinese medicine practitioners" as the starting point, the selection and training of "Yunling famous doctor" and high-level talents will be carried out in a planned way in the whole province every year, and the introduction plan of high-level talents will be carried out to promote and lead the development of high-level talents in various fields of health and family planning, such as public health, medical care and health management, and to expand the ranks of high-level talents and improve their level. Improve the policy environment for the development of medical and health talents, and improve the systems and mechanisms for the evaluation, selection, mobility, incentive and guarantee of medical and health talents. Strengthen the government’s policy guidance on the flow of medical and health talents, formulate and implement the policy of "keeping people at the grassroots level", promote the flow of medical and health talents to the grassroots level, study and implement the special post plan for general practitioners and county-run hospitals in grassroots medical and health institutions, create good career development conditions, and encourage and attract medical personnel to work at the grassroots level. Improve the employment mechanism of public institutions with the employment system and post management system as the main content, improve the post setting management, ensure that the professional and technical posts are not less than 80% in principle, and implement open recruitment and competitive recruitment for posts. Improve the scientific and socialized evaluation mechanism based on job responsibilities, oriented by morality, ability and performance, and in line with the characteristics of health talents.Improve the evaluation system of professional and technical titles of health and family planning personnel, and promote the growth and development of talents and rational flow. We will deepen the reform of the income distribution system, establish an assessment and incentive mechanism centered on service quality, service quantity and satisfaction of clients, based on job responsibilities and performance, adhere to the principle of getting more for more work and excellent performance, and give priority to key positions, business backbones and medical and health personnel with outstanding achievements. Establish an investment mechanism for the construction of health talent team with government investment as the main input, supplemented by employers and social assistance, give priority to ensuring investment in talent development, and provide necessary financial guarantee for the development of medical and health talents. Innovating the organization of public hospitalsSystem management, reasonably check the total establishment of public hospitals, and make dynamic adjustments, gradually implement the establishment and filing system, and explore various forms of employment mechanisms and government procurement services.

Section 5 Strengthening Supervision and Evaluation

First, standardize the planning process

States and cities in the preparation of medical and health resources allocation standards and regional health planning, according to the health needs of the masses, to set a reasonable allocation of various medical and health resources. Do a good job in connecting with this plan, local economic and social development planning, urban and rural planning, overall land use planning, etc., reasonably control the standard of total resources and the single scale of public hospitals, and make appropriate adjustments to the proportion of beds in different levels and types of institutions according to actual needs on the basis of strengthening the grassroots. The drafting of regional health planning in each state and city shall be approved by the provincial health and family planning administrative department and then submitted to the people’s government of Honshu for approval to ensure the suitability, feasibility and authority of the planning. The cycle of regional health planning is generally 5 years.

Second, strict planning and implementation

Timely release information such as institutional setup and planning layout adjustment, and encourage qualified areas to determine the host or operation subject by means of bidding. Incorporating planning as a prerequisite for the establishment of construction projects. All new medical and health resources, especially the establishment, reconstruction and expansion of public hospitals, the expansion of hospital beds and the purchase of large-scale medical equipment, must be strictly managed in accordance with the requirements and procedures of regional health planning, regardless of the funding channels. Establish a grading filing and publicity system for the size of beds in public hospitals. In public hospitals with more than 1,500 beds, the increase in beds must be reported to the National Health and Family Planning Commission for the record (Chinese medicine hospitals should also be reported to state administration of traditional chinese medicine for the record); In public hospitals with more than 1,000 beds, the increase of beds shall be reported to the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission for the record. For public hospitals that seriously exceed the prescribed number of beds, carry out project construction without approval, expand the construction scale and improve the construction standards without authorization, informed criticism should be carried out, and the allocation of large medical equipment, grade evaluation and financial arrangements should be suspended.

Third, establish a supervision and evaluation mechanism for the implementation of the plan

The people’s governments of prefectures and cities should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of planning implementation, establish a supervision and evaluation mechanism of regional health planning and resource allocation, set up a special evaluation working group, organize the evaluation of the implementation progress and effect of regional health planning, find out the problems existing in the implementation in time, and study and solve countermeasures. In the process of evaluation, public appraisal and fair competition should be carried out, and legal, economic and administrative means should be used to standardize, manage and ensure the effective implementation of regional health planning.

Attachment: Division of Key Tasks of Provincial Departments

　　In July, Gamma Data released the "2019 China Game Industry Semi-annual Report" — — In the first half of the year, the growth rate of China Mobile’s e-sports revenue was far ahead of that of client-side e-sports games, accounting for more than 60%.

　　Earlier, the Leisure Game Market Opportunity Research Report of 2018-2019, also from gamma data, pointed out that mobile leisure game users accounted for 66.4% of the total mobile game users in the past year, but leisure games only accounted for 6.6% of the mobile game market & hellip; …

　　Thanks to the demographic dividend of China and the rapid development of mobile Internet, mobile e-sports has gradually become the main force in the field of e-sports, but mobile leisure games are still a low-lying area with huge room for growth, which seems to mean that "mobile e-sports+leisure" will become an opportunity in the development tide of e-sports and games in China.

　　In the e-sports market, female users surged.

　　In the 2019 Tatan Elite Challenge, which just ended in Qingdao, 12 teams fought for two days, attracting thousands of live audiences and over one million online audiences. It seems that the e-sports event created by a light casual game also has strong box office and market appeal.

　　In fact, the Tatan Cup has been born for four years, and the popularity of "Ball-Ball Battle" is behind it.

　　As a casual game produced by Giant Network, official data show that there are more than 500 million users, 10 million daily activities and 150 million monthly activities, and the gender ratio of players is close to 4 to 6 (35% women and 65% men); In terms of age, 40.08% of the players aged 18 to 24, and 33.07% of the users aged 13 to 17 & hellip; …

　　The rise of "Ball Fight" has indeed caught up with the fast lane of China mobile e-sports development — — It was launched in mid-2015, which is earlier than many popular mobile games, but the precise positioning is probably more worthy of attention.

　　In the e-sports game market, especially on the mobile side, the scale of female users has surged.

　　Public data shows that from 2013 to 2018, the number of female players has increased from less than 80 million to 290 million.In the past, there were high barriers to heavy games, which made light games that focused on "leisure" just needed by the market. Its "popularization", such as relatively simple rules and operation, was not only more suitable for covering young people of all ages, but also met the needs of the rapidly growing group of female players.

　　In fact, not only female players, but also professional players in Tatan Classic, which is a difficult scene to see in other e-sports events.

　　Leisure+animation, the future industrial direction

　　Of course, there is still a long way to go from a popular game to a traditional e-sports event.

　　On the one hand, it benefits from the high stickiness of mobile e-sports users. According to the survey, the proportion of mobile e-sports users playing games every day is as high as 43.1%, and the proportion of playing games every week is also 25.3%, among which the proportion who are willing to watch events online is as high as 67.2%.

　　In addition, industry insiders also analyzed that while the competition of heavy game e-sports is intensifying, leisure e-sports built around light games is expected to become a "single product" in the market. Since 2016, Giant Network has successively launched a series of subdivided events such as BPL Professional League, Tatan Cup Elite Challenge, CEST Campus Challenge and BUC City Challenge, and deeply cultivated leisure e-sports.

　　It is worth mentioning that while maintaining the attributes of the game, leisure e-sports emphasizes the social functions in e-sports games.

　　According to statistics, "Ball Battle" creates a community online through team battles, seasons, leaderboards and other settings. On average, each player has 15+ friends, and the platform generates more than 12 million private messages every day, with a cumulative upload of more than 100 million selfies.

　　In terms of offline events, the Tatan Cup is closer to the carnival, with diverse scenes such as band performances, players meeting, audience interaction with the event presented together.

　　With the increasing social needs of young people, mobile e-sports has become a social product to some extent. According to the 2018 China Leisure Mobile Game Industry Report released by iResearch, 82% of leisure mobile game users said that they need to meet social needs in the game.

　　Producer Wu Meng has also said that social attributes will help game products to extend their life cycle. In fact, for leisure e-sports with weak antagonism, socialization is not only empowerment, but also its lifeline.

　　At present, giant network’s e-sports are actively seeking cross-border and circle-breaking. The previously launched "Journey" series has joined hands with the classic animation "Huluwa" to implant Huluwa elements in e-sports games. At present, the serial comics "Xingyun Brigade" and the virtual idol "Tatan" related to "Ball Fight" are also officially launched … …

　　Judging from the industry and market forecast, leisure, animation and massively multiplayer online e-sports and games still have considerable potential in the future.

　　The Paper reporter Chen Jun

In October, 2021, the sculpture of "Big Guitar" beside Binjiang Leisure Square in Ji ‘an, Jilin. The pictures in this article are all Matt diagrams.

I will leave Dandong for Ji ‘an along the Puyi Palace in Dandong.

On August 9, 1945, the Soviet army entered the northeast, and Puyi went to Ji ‘an from Xinjing (now Changchun), the capital of the puppet Manchukuo, to prepare to flee to Japan through Korea, and he would spend 10 days in his life. There have been many such days before, and there will be more later.

On August 13th, Puyi stopped at Dalizigou Mining Institute of Dongbiandao Development Co., Ltd. near Linjiang in the north of Ji ‘an. On the 15th, Japan surrendered, and on the evening of 17th, in the miners’ canteen, Puyi announced his abdication for the third and last time in his life, and the Kantian dynasty of Manchukuo ended. On the 19th, Puyi arrived in Fengtian (present-day Shenyang) through Tonghua, was arrested by the Soviet troops who occupied the airport by air at Dongta Airport, and then was escorted to Chita (present-day capital of post-Baikal Territory of Russian Federation).

Five years later, when the Korean War broke out, the advance team of volunteers first entered North Korea from Ji ‘an for reconnaissance. Ji ‘an county was established in 1902, taking the meaning of "Your Majesty acceded to the throne, saved the world and set up an China" in Biography of Historical Records and Sima Xiangru. In 1965, in order to take care of North China’s national sentiment, the South Korean government renamed Ji ‘an Ji ‘an. In 1985, Ji ‘an was under the jurisdiction of Tonghua City, and in 1988, Ji ‘an established a city (county-level city).

coach

There is no direct train from Dandong to Ji ‘an, only a 4320 train from Dandong to Tonghua, which leaves the next day. Although the scenery along the train is wonderful, it doesn’t match my travel time, so I choose to take a long-distance bus instead.

In the era when high-speed rail is becoming more and more convenient, long-distance buses are becoming rare in first-and second-tier cities, but in small cities and rural areas, they are more convenient and flexible modes of transportation. Now high-speed railway station is far away from the urban area, and most of the long-distance bus stops are still in the city center. When passing through the mountainous areas of villages, long-distance buses will stop at any time according to the needs of passengers, which is an irreplaceable function of trains.

I like listening to drivers and bus captains chatting on long-distance buses. They will pay attention to the recent increase in vegetable prices, the situation in the Taiwan Strait, the poor economic development and employment situation in Northeast China, and finally the topic will always fall on their bus operation.

During my trip, there were only single-digit passengers at the starting station, and villagers occasionally hitchhiked during the four or five-hour journey, and the fare was only a few dollars. I understand that drivers have to carry a lot of goods to earn a little hard work. Apart from a small amount of personal express delivery, many of those goods are ingredients and engineering items in village shops along the way. As these buses are fixed trains, pulling goods is the main income of those drivers.

Our bus passed Hunjiangkou Bridge halfway, which is the confluence of China-Korea border and Liaoning-Jilin border. Hunjiang is the ancestral home of the Jurchen people in Jianzhou, once called Tongjiajiang. Tong Jia is a Manchu surname. The Tong family was originally a prominent family of Han people in Liaodong, and they had a good relationship with Jurchen. Emperor Kangxi’s mother and imperial concubine were both from Tong Jiashi. He ordered Tong Jiashi to be changed from the Eight Banners of Han Dynasty to the highest yellow flag.

"Big Guitar" Sculpture

In this city, which is famous for its world cultural heritage on the border between China and North Korea, I have to look for a very new landmark first: the "big guitar" sculpture.

In the movie Sewing Machine Band, the cement guitar sculpture in a fictional rock park exists as a symbol of idealism. This movie, with the theme of rock band, takes place in Ji ‘an, and the local people also know the shooting scene. But maybe it’s just because the director himself is from Ji ‘an. The rock capital in the movie has nothing to do with Ji ‘an in reality. The driver was also confused when I asked if there was a local band performance venue and asked if I was a KTV or a bar resident.

I walked to the riverside leisure square by the river, and a huge guitar sculpture was set up next to the square, but not the one in the movie. The guitar sculpture in the film was demolished in the plot. Later, the Ji ‘an municipal government suddenly realized the influence of this film and felt that it might attract young artists to travel here, so it really built a "big guitar" sculpture.

In October, 2021, next to Binjiang Leisure Plaza in Ji ‘an, Jilin, the landmark building "Big Guitar" sculpture in the night.

The "big guitar" in the movie is made of concrete, and its appearance and tone are relatively calm. Now, in order to cooperate with the light show, it has been changed into a pure white and more modern shape, and its position has also changed. At night, there is no rock music performance in Binjiang Leisure Square, only a square dance that is uniform and not lost to Arirang on the other side.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, was the riverside leisure square at night, and in the darkness in the distance was North Korea on the other side of the Yalu River.

In 2004, 43 sites (42 in Ji ‘an) of Koguryo’s royal city, tombs and noble tombs were listed in the World Cultural Heritage List. The city of Ji ‘an is completely attached to the Koguryo site. The former Koguryo Capital Domestic City happened to be in the core block of Ji ‘an City.

With Goguryeo Ruins Park as the center, the ruins of domestic cities are all over the city, surrounded by the ruins of gates, city walls, turrets and drainage culverts. The city wall made of rectangular stones is surrounded by wooden fences, and there are many old people exercising beside the drainage culverts of the west city wall. Next to the Wenmen of Dongcheng wall is Ji ‘an Morning Market, but the Goguryeo Ruins Park in the center of the city itself has no ruins, and it is purely a fitness and leisure park.

Walking along the city wall is like walking in a big park, because many sites are in residential areas. It is also a rare experience to touch the world cultural heritage as soon as you get downstairs.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, was the site of Koguryo National City in the urban area.

Wandu Mountain City Fortress

The next morning, I arrived in Marudo Mountain City. At that time, it was cloudy and slightly cold, which was very suitable for climbing mountains. The taxi driver told me that I didn’t have to go into the mountains, so I just had a look outside by car. That was probably the aesthetic fatigue of their locals.

In the eyes of people who don’t understand, there are no large-scale architectural remains in this mountain. It seems that there is nothing to see, just a pile of stones and graves. But people who know it will know that Marudo Mountain City is a fortress of repeated tug-of-war between Koguryo and the Central Plains regime in Liaodong and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty.

October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, Koguryo Marubu Mountain City Site.　

After the Han Empire conquered Weiman Korea, it set up four counties in Liaodong, and named the place where the native nationalities in Northeast China lived as Koguryo County, which was under the jurisdiction of Xuantu County. In 37 BC, Go Jumong, the prince of Fuyu (an ancient nation who lived in the northeast of China from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty), was pushed away and established an independent country, Koguryo, in Zubenchuan, which is now Wunv Mountain in Huanren, Liaoning Province, which is referred to as Juli in Chinese classics. In AD 3, Koguryo moved the capital to the domestic city, which is now Ji ‘an, and built Wei Na Yan City as the acropolis on the mountain, echoing the domestic city. This echo of two cities on the mountain and below is the characteristic of Koguryo city, and the ancient cities on the Korean peninsula also have this design, which is a defense habit in war-prone areas.

In 197 AD, Gongsun Du, the Eastern Han Dynasty Liaodong satrap, attacked Goguryeo, and the present Marubu Mountain City was expanded and renamed by the 10th King "Mountain King" to resist Gongsun Du’s invasion. Goguryeo joined forces with the Cao Wei regime to fight against the Gongsun family, but soon after, the two sides turned against each other. From 244 to 245 AD, Wu Qiujian, an assassin from Youzhou of the Cao Wei regime, went on an expedition to Goguryeo and destroyed Marubu Mountain City, but Goguryeo soon rebuilt the city.

In 311 AD, during the reign of Meichuan King, Goguryeo was in a strong position in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and began to counterattack. By the time of Guangkai King, it occupied all the land east of Liaohe River. However, at this time, China entered the great division period from Wuhu Sixteen Countries to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and new opponents appeared one after another. The first confrontation with Goguryeo was the Qianyan regime. In 342 AD, Murong Mu, the founding monarch of Qianyan, attacked Goguryeo and destroyed the Marubu Mountain City again. Fortunately, at this time, there are only 30 years left before the most ambitious monarch in Koguryo’s history succeeded to the throne, and Koguryo is about to enter its heyday.

I got off and walked to the foot of Marudo Mountain. For a long time, it was forgotten in the wilderness because of the blockade outside the customs. Until 1906, when the road was built, the "Buqiujian Ji Gong Monument" was discovered. The inscription recorded the historical facts of the expedition to Koguryo mentioned above.

The mountains in the east, west and north of Marudo Mountain City are steep, with broad and gentle flat land in the middle and low terrain in the south. The city wall is built on the cliff in the south and surrounded by a moat. I am the only one in the whole Marudo Mountain. The layout in the mountain city is very simple, and the number of buildings is not much. The palace is the center, but only the cornerstone remains, as well as the watchtower and the garrison station.

October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, Koguryo Marubu Mountain City Site.　

There is a small lotus pond in the mountain city. There is a story about this lotus pond. In 28 AD, the Han Empire attacked Goguryeo, and the third monarch of Goguryeo, King Dawu, stuck to Marubu Mountain City. The Han army hoped to make Goguryeo surrender by siege. King Dawu caught a carp from the lotus pond and wrapped it with aquatic plants and sent it to the military camp of the Han army. When the Han army saw the carp and aquatic plants, they thought that there was enough water and food in the city to be besieged, so they withdrew.

Walking out of the mountain city, I came to the Koguryo cemetery at the foot of the mountain. I was too relaxed and happy along the way. The mountains in the distance fluctuated and birds echoed, and there were tombs nearby.

In October, 2021, the Koguryo aristocratic tombs at the foot of Marudo Mountain in Ji ‘an, Jilin Province.　

Koguryo advocates thick burial, and the exterior of the mausoleum is piled into a cone with multiple layers of stones. In this cemetery, we can see the characteristics of Koguryo’s tombs in different historical periods: some of them are lined with strips of stones at the bottom and covered with gravel; Some of them are built directly with large stone strips; There is another kind, which is closer to Han tombs, that is, mounds.

Koguryo people believe in natural polytheism, so the murals in the tombs here mostly depict the gods of the sun and the moon. Later, Buddhism was introduced to Koguryo from the Central Plains, and Koguryo began to believe in Buddhism. Koguryo civilization influenced the whole Northeast Asia in later generations. It can be said that this mountain is the land of Longxing in Northeast Asia.

Haotai tomb and Changshou tomb

After leaving Marudo Mountain City, I went to two tombs in the urban area: Haotai Mausoleum and Changshou Mausoleum, which were developed as the core scenic spots of Koguryo Ruins in Ji ‘an. King Haotai and King Changshou were father and son. During their reign (AD 391-491), Koguryo’s national strength reached its peak.

Haotai Mausoleum is a small scenic spot, mainly visiting tombs and tombstones. When I entered the cemetery, the first thing I saw was the famous monument of King Hao Tai. The huge monument was covered by a glass wall room, but I could walk in and visit it. The full name of this monument is "The Monument to King Haotaiwang, whose land is wide open in Guogang", which records Koguryo’s founding history, King Haotaiwang’s life achievements and information about the laws and regulations of grave keepers, the most important part of which is the story of King Haotaiwang’s conquering everywhere during his reign.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, the monument of King Haotai in Koguryo remains scenic spot.

Haotai Aric Tan De was born in an era of crisis in Koguryo. Shortly after his birth, his father, Koyilian, was killed in a battle with Baekje. Baekje was ambitious for the control of the Korean Peninsula. At this time, the Houyan Murong family who occupied Liaodong often threatened Koguryo. King Haotai, who succeeded at the age of 17, faced the risk of being attacked by both the north and the south.

King Haotai showed his superb strategic mind at this time. He pretended to surrender to Hou Yan to the north to avoid confrontation, and first solved the threat of Baekje in the south. King Haotai led the army to defeat Baekje many times and established his absolute superiority on the Korean Peninsula. At this time, Houyan was facing the attack of the newly rising Northern Wei Dynasty, and Goguryeo no longer obeyed Houyan. After defeating Houyan’s attack in a row, Wang Faqi fought back and occupied Liaodong. During this period, Japan began to intervene in the situation on the Korean Peninsula, and Baekje tried to form an alliance with Japan. King Haotai attacked Baekje again and drove Japanese forces out of the Korean Peninsula.

Go along the path after the monument to the Great King, and you will come to the foot of the tomb. Haotai Mausoleum looks not high from the flat ground, but it has a large area, surrounded by gentle slopes, and the terrain is open, and there is a step that can walk to the door of the tomb. Different from the tomb in Han Dynasty, the tomb is set underground, with a sealed mound above it, and the tomb of Haotai Mausoleum is at the top of the tomb.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, the Haotai Mausoleum in Koguryo Ruins Scenic Area.　　

I walked up the steps to the tomb and came to the door of the tomb. The opened tomb was built with large strips of stone, but the top and the outside of the tomb were surrounded by broken stones, and some stones were scattered at random, which was different from the tomb of his son Changshou Wang that I saw behind me. Perhaps it took too much energy to dig stone tablets, so the tomb itself was a bit ordinary.

Walking down from Haotai Tomb, I went to Changshou Tomb. Perhaps in order to build a tourist city, although Ji ‘an has a small urban area, it has introduced a developed shared electric car. Except Marudo Mountain, other scenic spots can be visited by electric car, which is very convenient.

Changshou Mausoleum is located 1.5 kilometers east of Haotai Mausoleum, which is called "Oriental Pyramid" in tourism propaganda. Tourism propaganda is always misleading. When a mausoleum is called the Oriental Pyramid, people will inevitably compare it with the pyramids in Egypt. In fact, the mausoleum is not very tall, but it looks like a pyramid.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, was the tomb of Changshou in Koguryo Ruins Scenic Area.　

Walking in front of the tomb of Changshou, it is not difficult to find that the construction technology of this tomb is obviously more advanced and advanced than that of Haotai Tomb. The tomb of Changshou Mausoleum is built into a square cone by huge stone strips layer by layer, and there are seven steps step by step. A huge tombstone is placed around the tomb and pressed on the outer wall to offset the outward force caused by the weight of the stone above and protect the tomb from collapse. As far as the building itself is concerned, there is obviously no connection between this mausoleum and the Egyptian pyramids. The volume difference between the two is too great, and the mausoleum is completely piled up by large stones and needs lateral protection, which is different from the Egyptian pyramids.

In AD 413, the 19-year-old son of King Haotai, Changshou Aric Lian, ascended the throne. He reigned for 78 years and died at the age of 97. In ancient times, a long-lived old man was regarded as a human being, and a long-lived monarch was a symbol of the prosperity of the country.

The Longevity King continued the expansion policy of his father, King Haotai. In order to contain the gradually powerful Northern Wei Dynasty, Goguryeo supported the Beiyan regime. When Beiyan perished, Goguryeo’s army covered the evacuation of clans and people in the Longcheng of Beiyan National Capital. In the year before the Northern Wei Dynasty launched a war of subjugation against Beiyan, Changshou Wang sent envoys to visit the Northern Wei Dynasty to request the imperial edict. Later, although Goguryeo supported Beiyan, it caused dissatisfaction in the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, with the death of the last monarch of Beiyan, the two sides reconciled, and Goguryeo not only accepted the conferment of the Northern Wei Dynasty regime, but also accepted the conferment of the Southern Liu and Song Dynasties, maintaining a stable and balanced relationship between the North and the South.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains regime began to take "Korea" as the abbreviation of Koguryo, and Koguryo gradually took "Korea" as the official title. In order to prevent the invasion of the Northern Wei Dynasty and suppress Baekje and Silla better, in 427 AD, Changshou Wang moved the capital from Ji ‘an to Pyongyang. When he captured Baekje and occupied the Hanjiang River Basin on the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo’s territory reached its peak.

Ride an electric car from Changshou Mausoleum and return to the city center, passing through some small aristocratic tombs along the way. There used to be a mural exhibition hall here, but it is no longer open. Tomb murals can be seen in Koguryo Museum. In 1997, the Koguryo Mausoleum in Ji ‘an was stolen, and the director of Ji ‘an Korean Cultural Center was also involved. Many murals were smuggled to South Korea, and some were destroyed in the excavation. Later, some China scholars discovered Koguryo cultural relics when they visited the museum in South Korea, and asked for them in vain.

Special tenderness

The Yalu River in Ji ‘an is very narrow, and people who are good at swimming come from the other side for dozens of times. At six o’clock in the evening, there was no one on the street in Ji ‘an. Looking across the bank, the North Korean side was more pure black.

During the day, the taxi driver took me to the port, opposite the city of Manpu, North Korea. The cement factory aided by the Soviet era was still working in the thick smoke, and the mountain was bare. The driver said that North Korea was worried that someone would escape, so it cut down all the mountains to facilitate surveillance.

In October, 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, Manpu City, North Korea, on the other side of Yalu River, the border river between China and North Korea, was a cement factory aided by the Soviet era.

Ji ‘an always gives me a different flavor from other cities in Northeast China, especially neat and orderly. Cars always give way to pedestrians, and even the morning market is very regular. Breakfast stalls and other stalls selling vegetables, meat and aquatic products, and mountain products specialties have their own positions and are clearly separated. At a certain moment, such a civilized scene gave me the illusion of acting. Looking at the neatness and order of Ji ‘an, I wonder if this norm is also the ideal state that the other side of the river yearns for.

In October 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, was a morning market in the urban area.

But not everyone appreciates this specification. A taxi driver told me that the city’s economic situation is not good, and the real estate development that has been heated up around North Korea’s reform and opening up has always been a dream. After the epidemic, basically only tourists from the province came. What doesn’t match the high-level world cultural heritage is the lack of entertainment services that can retain tourists’ consumption. Moreover, the history of Koguryo is relatively unpopular, and many tourists just stop by to see the ruins and go to other places to stay. When the government was unable to develop the economy, it began to attach importance to the construction of civilization. Although the local people enjoyed cleanliness and order, they also had a tired response.

In this way, what I see is more like "we are very happy here, and only happiness is allowed."

In October 2021, Ji ‘an, Jilin, when night fell, there were no people on the street.

But in my feelings as a foreigner, Ji ‘an has a special gentleness. Perhaps because of the vigorous development of tourism construction, its public service facilities are completely high-level even compared with first-tier cities, with clean streets, clean and adequate public toilets, clear and perfect tourist guide signs, and Koguryo Museum with unique appearance. This public museum is charged, which is rare. The advantage is that there is no reason not to open on Mondays, which is more convenient for tourists to arrange their time.

In addition, the natural environment here is very pleasant, with mountains and rivers, warm in winter and cool in summer, and long T-shirts in late autumn during the day. No wonder Koguryo built the capital here. This place is very suitable for literary and artistic creators to move in for a short time, concentrate on their work, climb mountains when they are tired, and walk by the river.

Ceng Zhaolun is one of the pioneers of China’s introduction of modern western chemistry, the founder of organic chemistry in China, one of the main founders of chinese chemical society, a famous national defense chemistry expert and military critic of the Anti-Japanese War. During the Anti-Japanese War, Ceng Zhaolun published a large number of military discourses, so as to sum up the past, evaluate the present situation and look forward to the future, inspire Chinese people’s fighting spirit in the war of resistance against Japan, and thus establish his position and influence as a critic of military issues in the intellectual circles.

曾昭抡（1937年1月27日摄）

曾昭抡1899年5月25日生于湖南湘乡，为曾国藩胞弟曾国潢的曾孙，1915年考入清华留美预备学校（清华大学前身），1920年毕业赴美留学，进入美国麻省理工学院学习化学化工，1926年获该院科学博士学位。同年夏天回国，先后任广州兵工试验厂技师、南京中央大学化学系副教授兼化工科主任，1931年任北京大学化学系教授、系主任。1937年”七七”事变爆发，北大、清华、南开三校南迁，至长沙组成临时大学，后再迁昆明改称”国立西南联合大学”。曾昭抡任西南联大化学系教授，直至抗战胜利。1945年11月，曾昭抡返北平接收北大化学系，1946年赴美国考察原子弹，1949年回到北平。新中国建立后，曾昭抡的主要任职有北京大学教务长兼化学系主任，教育部副部长兼高教司司长，高教部副部长，全国高等学校招生委员会副主任，全国科联副主席，中国科学院学部委员兼化学研究所所长，全国人大代表，全国政协委员，民盟中央常委等。1958年任武汉大学化学系教授，”文革”中不幸逝世。

1. Training anti-chemical cadres for the PLA.

At the end of 1950, the People’s Liberation Army began to establish anti-chemical arms. In 1951, the Chemical Corps School was established in Beijing (the predecessor of the Anti-chemical Command Engineering College of the People’s Liberation Army). It is urgent to train a group of technical cadres to enrich teaching and command positions. At that time, the Training Director Department of the Military Commission sent Zhao Guohui and other cadres to contact the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Education put Ceng Zhaolun in charge of reception, which was very supportive of Ceng Zhaolun. After active contact, Ceng Zhaolun entrusted four universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, to set up special training courses to train the first batch of cadres for anti-chemical warfare schools. Not only that, Ceng Zhaolun also took time out of his busy Ministry to personally teach the main courses of national defense chemistry for these cadres and guide them to do relevant experiments. From 1951 to 1953, Peking University held three training courses for chemical defense soldiers, and Ceng Zhaolun continued to teach them three courses. Since then, these students have become the backbone of teaching and scientific research in the Institute of Chemical Defense of the People’s Liberation Army and the technical cadres of the chemical defense forces. This is Ceng Zhaolun’s important contribution to the construction of the people’s army. Zhao Guohui said: "All this should be thanks to Professor Ceng Zhaolun’s great help and support for our study and further study."

Peking University Department of Chemistry, 1954 Class Anti-chemical Soldiers (originally published in "Hundred Years of Peking University Chemistry")